wp/wp-includes/l10n.php
changeset 7 cf61fcea0001
parent 5 5e2f62d02dcd
child 9 177826044cd9
--- a/wp/wp-includes/l10n.php	Tue Jun 09 11:14:17 2015 +0000
+++ b/wp/wp-includes/l10n.php	Mon Oct 14 17:39:30 2019 +0200
@@ -1,34 +1,38 @@
 <?php
 /**
- * WordPress Translation API
+ * Core Translation API
  *
  * @package WordPress
  * @subpackage i18n
+ * @since 1.2.0
  */
 
 /**
- * Get the current locale.
+ * Retrieves the current locale.
  *
- * If the locale is set, then it will filter the locale in the 'locale' filter
- * hook and return the value.
+ * If the locale is set, then it will filter the locale in the {@see 'locale'}
+ * filter hook and return the value.
  *
  * If the locale is not set already, then the WPLANG constant is used if it is
- * defined. Then it is filtered through the 'locale' filter hook and the value
- * for the locale global set and the locale is returned.
+ * defined. Then it is filtered through the {@see 'locale'} filter hook and
+ * the value for the locale global set and the locale is returned.
  *
  * The process to get the locale should only be done once, but the locale will
- * always be filtered using the 'locale' hook.
+ * always be filtered using the {@see 'locale'} hook.
  *
  * @since 1.5.0
  *
- * @return string The locale of the blog or from the 'locale' hook.
+ * @global string $locale
+ * @global string $wp_local_package
+ *
+ * @return string The locale of the blog or from the {@see 'locale'} hook.
  */
 function get_locale() {
 	global $locale, $wp_local_package;
 
 	if ( isset( $locale ) ) {
 		/**
-		 * Filter WordPress install's locale ID.
+		 * Filters the locale ID of the WordPress installation.
 		 *
 		 * @since 1.5.0
 		 *
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@
 	// If multisite, check options.
 	if ( is_multisite() ) {
 		// Don't check blog option when installing.
-		if ( defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) || ( false === $ms_locale = get_option( 'WPLANG' ) ) ) {
+		if ( wp_installing() || ( false === $ms_locale = get_option( 'WPLANG' ) ) ) {
 			$ms_locale = get_site_option( 'WPLANG' );
 		}
 
@@ -72,32 +76,62 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Retrieves the locale of a user.
+ *
+ * If the user has a locale set to a non-empty string then it will be
+ * returned. Otherwise it returns the locale of get_locale().
+ *
+ * @since 4.7.0
+ *
+ * @param int|WP_User $user_id User's ID or a WP_User object. Defaults to current user.
+ * @return string The locale of the user.
+ */
+function get_user_locale( $user_id = 0 ) {
+	$user = false;
+	if ( 0 === $user_id && function_exists( 'wp_get_current_user' ) ) {
+		$user = wp_get_current_user();
+	} elseif ( $user_id instanceof WP_User ) {
+		$user = $user_id;
+	} elseif ( $user_id && is_numeric( $user_id ) ) {
+		$user = get_user_by( 'id', $user_id );
+	}
+
+	if ( ! $user ) {
+		return get_locale();
+	}
+
+	$locale = $user->locale;
+	return $locale ? $locale : get_locale();
+}
+
+/**
  * Retrieve the translation of $text.
  *
  * If there is no translation, or the text domain isn't loaded, the original text is returned.
  *
- * *Note:* Don't use {@see translate()} directly, use `{@see __()} or related functions.
+ * *Note:* Don't use translate() directly, use __() or related functions.
  *
  * @since 2.2.0
  *
  * @param string $text   Text to translate.
  * @param string $domain Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                       Default 'default'.
  * @return string Translated text
  */
 function translate( $text, $domain = 'default' ) {
 	$translations = get_translations_for_domain( $domain );
-	$translations = $translations->translate( $text );
+	$translation  = $translations->translate( $text );
 
 	/**
-	 * Filter text with its translation.
+	 * Filters text with its translation.
 	 *
 	 * @since 2.0.11
 	 *
-	 * @param string $translations Translated text.
+	 * @param string $translation  Translated text.
 	 * @param string $text         Text to translate.
 	 * @param string $domain       Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
 	 */
-	return apply_filters( 'gettext', $translations, $text, $domain );
+	return apply_filters( 'gettext', $translation, $text, $domain );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -113,10 +147,11 @@
  */
 function before_last_bar( $string ) {
 	$last_bar = strrpos( $string, '|' );
-	if ( false == $last_bar )
+	if ( false === $last_bar ) {
 		return $string;
-	else
+	} else {
 		return substr( $string, 0, $last_bar );
+	}
 }
 
 /**
@@ -125,37 +160,42 @@
  * If there is no translation, or the text domain isn't loaded the original
  * text is returned.
  *
+ * *Note:* Don't use translate_with_gettext_context() directly, use _x() or related functions.
+ *
  * @since 2.8.0
  *
  * @param string $text    Text to translate.
  * @param string $context Context information for the translators.
  * @param string $domain  Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                        Default 'default'.
  * @return string Translated text on success, original text on failure.
  */
 function translate_with_gettext_context( $text, $context, $domain = 'default' ) {
 	$translations = get_translations_for_domain( $domain );
-	$translations = $translations->translate( $text, $context );
+	$translation  = $translations->translate( $text, $context );
 	/**
-	 * Filter text with its translation based on context information.
+	 * Filters text with its translation based on context information.
 	 *
 	 * @since 2.8.0
 	 *
-	 * @param string $translations Translated text.
+	 * @param string $translation  Translated text.
 	 * @param string $text         Text to translate.
 	 * @param string $context      Context information for the translators.
 	 * @param string $domain       Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
 	 */
-	return apply_filters( 'gettext_with_context', $translations, $text, $context, $domain );
+	return apply_filters( 'gettext_with_context', $translation, $text, $context, $domain );
 }
 
 /**
- * Retrieve the translation of $text. If there is no translation,
- * or the text domain isn't loaded, the original text is returned.
+ * Retrieve the translation of $text.
+ *
+ * If there is no translation, or the text domain isn't loaded, the original text is returned.
  *
  * @since 2.1.0
  *
  * @param string $text   Text to translate.
  * @param string $domain Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                       Default 'default'.
  * @return string Translated text.
  */
 function __( $text, $domain = 'default' ) {
@@ -171,6 +211,7 @@
  *
  * @param string $text   Text to translate.
  * @param string $domain Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                       Default 'default'.
  * @return string Translated text on success, original text on failure.
  */
 function esc_attr__( $text, $domain = 'default' ) {
@@ -180,12 +221,14 @@
 /**
  * Retrieve the translation of $text and escapes it for safe use in HTML output.
  *
- * If there is no translation, or the text domain isn't loaded, the original text is returned.
+ * If there is no translation, or the text domain isn't loaded, the original text
+ * is escaped and returned..
  *
  * @since 2.8.0
  *
  * @param string $text   Text to translate.
  * @param string $domain Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                       Default 'default'.
  * @return string Translated text
  */
 function esc_html__( $text, $domain = 'default' ) {
@@ -199,6 +242,7 @@
  *
  * @param string $text   Text to translate.
  * @param string $domain Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                       Default 'default'.
  */
 function _e( $text, $domain = 'default' ) {
 	echo translate( $text, $domain );
@@ -211,6 +255,7 @@
  *
  * @param string $text   Text to translate.
  * @param string $domain Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                       Default 'default'.
  */
 function esc_attr_e( $text, $domain = 'default' ) {
 	echo esc_attr( translate( $text, $domain ) );
@@ -223,6 +268,7 @@
  *
  * @param string $text   Text to translate.
  * @param string $domain Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                       Default 'default'.
  */
 function esc_html_e( $text, $domain = 'default' ) {
 	echo esc_html( translate( $text, $domain ) );
@@ -242,6 +288,7 @@
  * @param string $text    Text to translate.
  * @param string $context Context information for the translators.
  * @param string $domain  Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                        Default 'default'.
  * @return string Translated context string without pipe.
  */
 function _x( $text, $context, $domain = 'default' ) {
@@ -256,6 +303,7 @@
  * @param string $text    Text to translate.
  * @param string $context Context information for the translators.
  * @param string $domain  Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                        Default 'default'.
  * @return string Translated context string without pipe.
  */
 function _ex( $text, $context, $domain = 'default' ) {
@@ -270,6 +318,7 @@
  * @param string $text    Text to translate.
  * @param string $context Context information for the translators.
  * @param string $domain  Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                        Default 'default'.
  * @return string Translated text
  */
 function esc_attr_x( $text, $context, $domain = 'default' ) {
@@ -284,6 +333,7 @@
  * @param string $text    Text to translate.
  * @param string $context Context information for the translators.
  * @param string $domain  Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                        Default 'default'.
  * @return string Translated text.
  */
 function esc_html_x( $text, $context, $domain = 'default' ) {
@@ -291,67 +341,78 @@
 }
 
 /**
- * Retrieve the plural or single form based on the supplied amount.
- *
- * If the text domain is not set in the $l10n list, then a comparison will be made
- * and either $plural or $single parameters returned.
+ * Translates and retrieves the singular or plural form based on the supplied number.
  *
- * If the text domain does exist, then the parameters $single, $plural, and $number
- * will first be passed to the text domain's ngettext method. Then it will be passed
- * to the 'ngettext' filter hook along with the same parameters. The expected
- * type will be a string.
+ * Used when you want to use the appropriate form of a string based on whether a
+ * number is singular or plural.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *     printf( _n( '%s person', '%s people', $count, 'text-domain' ), number_format_i18n( $count ) );
  *
  * @since 2.8.0
  *
- * @param string $single The text that will be used if $number is 1.
- * @param string $plural The text that will be used if $number is not 1.
- * @param int    $number The number to compare against to use either $single or $plural.
+ * @param string $single The text to be used if the number is singular.
+ * @param string $plural The text to be used if the number is plural.
+ * @param int    $number The number to compare against to use either the singular or plural form.
  * @param string $domain Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
- * @return string Either $single or $plural translated text.
+ *                       Default 'default'.
+ * @return string The translated singular or plural form.
  */
 function _n( $single, $plural, $number, $domain = 'default' ) {
 	$translations = get_translations_for_domain( $domain );
-	$translation = $translations->translate_plural( $single, $plural, $number );
+	$translation  = $translations->translate_plural( $single, $plural, $number );
+
 	/**
-	 * Filter text with its translation when plural option is available.
+	 * Filters the singular or plural form of a string.
 	 *
 	 * @since 2.2.0
 	 *
 	 * @param string $translation Translated text.
-	 * @param string $single      The text that will be used if $number is 1.
-	 * @param string $plural      The text that will be used if $number is not 1.
-	 * @param string $number      The number to compare against to use either $single or $plural.
+	 * @param string $single      The text to be used if the number is singular.
+	 * @param string $plural      The text to be used if the number is plural.
+	 * @param string $number      The number to compare against to use either the singular or plural form.
 	 * @param string $domain      Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
 	 */
 	return apply_filters( 'ngettext', $translation, $single, $plural, $number, $domain );
 }
 
 /**
- * Retrieve the plural or single form based on the supplied amount with gettext context.
+ * Translates and retrieves the singular or plural form based on the supplied number, with gettext context.
+ *
+ * This is a hybrid of _n() and _x(). It supports context and plurals.
  *
- * This is a hybrid of _n() and _x(). It supports contexts and plurals.
+ * Used when you want to use the appropriate form of a string with context based on whether a
+ * number is singular or plural.
+ *
+ * Example of a generic phrase which is disambiguated via the context parameter:
+ *
+ *     printf( _nx( '%s group', '%s groups', $people, 'group of people', 'text-domain' ), number_format_i18n( $people ) );
+ *     printf( _nx( '%s group', '%s groups', $animals, 'group of animals', 'text-domain' ), number_format_i18n( $animals ) );
  *
  * @since 2.8.0
  *
- * @param string $single  The text that will be used if $number is 1.
- * @param string $plural  The text that will be used if $number is not 1.
- * @param int    $number  The number to compare against to use either $single or $plural.
+ * @param string $single  The text to be used if the number is singular.
+ * @param string $plural  The text to be used if the number is plural.
+ * @param int    $number  The number to compare against to use either the singular or plural form.
  * @param string $context Context information for the translators.
  * @param string $domain  Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
- * @return string Either $single or $plural translated text with context.
+ *                        Default 'default'.
+ * @return string The translated singular or plural form.
  */
 function _nx($single, $plural, $number, $context, $domain = 'default') {
 	$translations = get_translations_for_domain( $domain );
-	$translation = $translations->translate_plural( $single, $plural, $number, $context );
+	$translation  = $translations->translate_plural( $single, $plural, $number, $context );
+
 	/**
-	 * Filter text with its translation while plural option and context are available.
+	 * Filters the singular or plural form of a string with gettext context.
 	 *
 	 * @since 2.8.0
 	 *
 	 * @param string $translation Translated text.
-	 * @param string $single      The text that will be used if $number is 1.
-	 * @param string $plural      The text that will be used if $number is not 1.
-	 * @param string $number      The number to compare against to use either $single or $plural.
+	 * @param string $single      The text to be used if the number is singular.
+	 * @param string $plural      The text to be used if the number is plural.
+	 * @param string $number      The number to compare against to use either the singular or plural form.
 	 * @param string $context     Context information for the translators.
 	 * @param string $domain      Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
 	 */
@@ -359,55 +420,95 @@
 }
 
 /**
- * Register plural strings in POT file, but don't translate them.
+ * Registers plural strings in POT file, but does not translate them.
  *
  * Used when you want to keep structures with translatable plural
- * strings and use them later.
+ * strings and use them later when the number is known.
  *
  * Example:
  *
- *     $messages = array(
- *      	'post' => _n_noop( '%s post', '%s posts' ),
- *      	'page' => _n_noop( '%s pages', '%s pages' ),
- *     );
+ *     $message = _n_noop( '%s post', '%s posts', 'text-domain' );
  *     ...
- *     $message = $messages[ $type ];
- *     $usable_text = sprintf( translate_nooped_plural( $message, $count ), $count );
+ *     printf( translate_nooped_plural( $message, $count, 'text-domain' ), number_format_i18n( $count ) );
  *
  * @since 2.5.0
  *
- * @param string $singular Single form to be i18ned.
- * @param string $plural   Plural form to be i18ned.
+ * @param string $singular Singular form to be localized.
+ * @param string $plural   Plural form to be localized.
  * @param string $domain   Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
- * @return array array($singular, $plural)
+ *                         Default null.
+ * @return array {
+ *     Array of translation information for the strings.
+ *
+ *     @type string $0        Singular form to be localized. No longer used.
+ *     @type string $1        Plural form to be localized. No longer used.
+ *     @type string $singular Singular form to be localized.
+ *     @type string $plural   Plural form to be localized.
+ *     @type null   $context  Context information for the translators.
+ *     @type string $domain   Text domain.
+ * }
  */
 function _n_noop( $singular, $plural, $domain = null ) {
 	return array( 0 => $singular, 1 => $plural, 'singular' => $singular, 'plural' => $plural, 'context' => null, 'domain' => $domain );
 }
 
 /**
- * Register plural strings with context in POT file, but don't translate them.
+ * Registers plural strings with gettext context in POT file, but does not translate them.
+ *
+ * Used when you want to keep structures with translatable plural
+ * strings and use them later when the number is known.
+ *
+ * Example of a generic phrase which is disambiguated via the context parameter:
+ *
+ *     $messages = array(
+ *      	'people'  => _nx_noop( '%s group', '%s groups', 'people', 'text-domain' ),
+ *      	'animals' => _nx_noop( '%s group', '%s groups', 'animals', 'text-domain' ),
+ *     );
+ *     ...
+ *     $message = $messages[ $type ];
+ *     printf( translate_nooped_plural( $message, $count, 'text-domain' ), number_format_i18n( $count ) );
  *
  * @since 2.8.0
- * @param string $singular
- * @param string $plural
- * @param string $context
- * @param string|null $domain
- * @return array
+ *
+ * @param string $singular Singular form to be localized.
+ * @param string $plural   Plural form to be localized.
+ * @param string $context  Context information for the translators.
+ * @param string $domain   Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ *                         Default null.
+ * @return array {
+ *     Array of translation information for the strings.
+ *
+ *     @type string $0        Singular form to be localized. No longer used.
+ *     @type string $1        Plural form to be localized. No longer used.
+ *     @type string $2        Context information for the translators. No longer used.
+ *     @type string $singular Singular form to be localized.
+ *     @type string $plural   Plural form to be localized.
+ *     @type string $context  Context information for the translators.
+ *     @type string $domain   Text domain.
+ * }
  */
 function _nx_noop( $singular, $plural, $context, $domain = null ) {
 	return array( 0 => $singular, 1 => $plural, 2 => $context, 'singular' => $singular, 'plural' => $plural, 'context' => $context, 'domain' => $domain );
 }
 
 /**
- * Translate the result of _n_noop() or _nx_noop().
+ * Translates and retrieves the singular or plural form of a string that's been registered
+ * with _n_noop() or _nx_noop().
+ *
+ * Used when you want to use a translatable plural string once the number is known.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *     $message = _n_noop( '%s post', '%s posts', 'text-domain' );
+ *     ...
+ *     printf( translate_nooped_plural( $message, $count, 'text-domain' ), number_format_i18n( $count ) );
  *
  * @since 3.1.0
  *
- * @param array  $nooped_plural Array with singular, plural and context keys, usually the result of _n_noop() or _nx_noop()
- * @param int    $count         Number of objects
+ * @param array  $nooped_plural Array with singular, plural, and context keys, usually the result of _n_noop() or _nx_noop().
+ * @param int    $count         Number of objects.
  * @param string $domain        Optional. Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings. If $nooped_plural contains
- *                              a text domain passed to _n_noop() or _nx_noop(), it will override this value.
+ *                              a text domain passed to _n_noop() or _nx_noop(), it will override this value. Default 'default'.
  * @return string Either $single or $plural translated text.
  */
 function translate_nooped_plural( $nooped_plural, $count, $domain = 'default' ) {
@@ -431,25 +532,32 @@
  *
  * @since 1.5.0
  *
+ * @global array $l10n          An array of all currently loaded text domains.
+ * @global array $l10n_unloaded An array of all text domains that have been unloaded again.
+ *
  * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
  * @param string $mofile Path to the .mo file.
  * @return bool True on success, false on failure.
  */
 function load_textdomain( $domain, $mofile ) {
-	global $l10n;
+	global $l10n, $l10n_unloaded;
+
+	$l10n_unloaded = (array) $l10n_unloaded;
 
 	/**
-	 * Filter text domain and/or MO file path for loading translations.
+	 * Filters whether to override the .mo file loading.
 	 *
 	 * @since 2.9.0
 	 *
-	 * @param bool   $override Whether to override the text domain. Default false.
+	 * @param bool   $override Whether to override the .mo file loading. Default false.
 	 * @param string $domain   Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
 	 * @param string $mofile   Path to the MO file.
 	 */
 	$plugin_override = apply_filters( 'override_load_textdomain', false, $domain, $mofile );
 
 	if ( true == $plugin_override ) {
+		unset( $l10n_unloaded[ $domain ] );
+
 		return true;
 	}
 
@@ -464,7 +572,7 @@
 	do_action( 'load_textdomain', $domain, $mofile );
 
 	/**
-	 * Filter MO file path for loading translations for a specific text domain.
+	 * Filters MO file path for loading translations for a specific text domain.
 	 *
 	 * @since 2.9.0
 	 *
@@ -481,6 +589,8 @@
 	if ( isset( $l10n[$domain] ) )
 		$mo->merge_with( $l10n[$domain] );
 
+	unset( $l10n_unloaded[ $domain ] );
+
 	$l10n[$domain] = &$mo;
 
 	return true;
@@ -491,24 +601,32 @@
  *
  * @since 3.0.0
  *
+ * @global array $l10n          An array of all currently loaded text domains.
+ * @global array $l10n_unloaded An array of all text domains that have been unloaded again.
+ *
  * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
  * @return bool Whether textdomain was unloaded.
  */
 function unload_textdomain( $domain ) {
-	global $l10n;
+	global $l10n, $l10n_unloaded;
+
+	$l10n_unloaded = (array) $l10n_unloaded;
 
 	/**
-	 * Filter the text domain for loading translation.
+	 * Filters whether to override the text domain unloading.
 	 *
 	 * @since 3.0.0
 	 *
-	 * @param bool   $override Whether to override unloading the text domain. Default false.
+	 * @param bool   $override Whether to override the text domain unloading. Default false.
 	 * @param string $domain   Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
 	 */
 	$plugin_override = apply_filters( 'override_unload_textdomain', false, $domain );
 
-	if ( $plugin_override )
+	if ( $plugin_override ) {
+		$l10n_unloaded[ $domain ] = true;
+
 		return true;
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Fires before the text domain is unloaded.
@@ -521,6 +639,9 @@
 
 	if ( isset( $l10n[$domain] ) ) {
 		unset( $l10n[$domain] );
+
+		$l10n_unloaded[ $domain ] = true;
+
 		return true;
 	}
 
@@ -537,12 +658,12 @@
  *
  * @since 1.5.0
  *
- * @param string $locale Optional. Locale to load. Default is the value of {@see get_locale()}.
+ * @param string $locale Optional. Locale to load. Default is the value of get_locale().
  * @return bool Whether the textdomain was loaded.
  */
 function load_default_textdomain( $locale = null ) {
 	if ( null === $locale ) {
-		$locale = get_locale();
+		$locale = is_admin() ? get_user_locale() : get_locale();
 	}
 
 	// Unload previously loaded strings so we can switch translations.
@@ -555,7 +676,7 @@
 		return $return;
 	}
 
-	if ( is_admin() || defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) || ( defined( 'WP_REPAIRING' ) && WP_REPAIRING ) ) {
+	if ( is_admin() || wp_installing() || ( defined( 'WP_REPAIRING' ) && WP_REPAIRING ) ) {
 		load_textdomain( 'default', WP_LANG_DIR . "/admin-$locale.mo" );
 	}
 
@@ -566,74 +687,76 @@
 }
 
 /**
- * Load a plugin's translated strings.
+ * Loads a plugin's translated strings.
  *
  * If the path is not given then it will be the root of the plugin directory.
  *
  * The .mo file should be named based on the text domain with a dash, and then the locale exactly.
  *
  * @since 1.5.0
+ * @since 4.6.0 The function now tries to load the .mo file from the languages directory first.
  *
  * @param string $domain          Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings
- * @param string $deprecated      Use the $plugin_rel_path parameter instead.
+ * @param string $deprecated      Optional. Use the $plugin_rel_path parameter instead. Default false.
  * @param string $plugin_rel_path Optional. Relative path to WP_PLUGIN_DIR where the .mo file resides.
  *                                Default false.
  * @return bool True when textdomain is successfully loaded, false otherwise.
  */
 function load_plugin_textdomain( $domain, $deprecated = false, $plugin_rel_path = false ) {
-	$locale = get_locale();
 	/**
-	 * Filter a plugin's locale.
+	 * Filters a plugin's locale.
 	 *
 	 * @since 3.0.0
 	 *
 	 * @param string $locale The plugin's current locale.
 	 * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
 	 */
-	$locale = apply_filters( 'plugin_locale', $locale, $domain );
+	$locale = apply_filters( 'plugin_locale', is_admin() ? get_user_locale() : get_locale(), $domain );
+
+	$mofile = $domain . '-' . $locale . '.mo';
 
-	if ( false !== $plugin_rel_path	) {
+	// Try to load from the languages directory first.
+	if ( load_textdomain( $domain, WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins/' . $mofile ) ) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if ( false !== $plugin_rel_path ) {
 		$path = WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . trim( $plugin_rel_path, '/' );
 	} elseif ( false !== $deprecated ) {
-		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '2.7' );
+		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '2.7.0' );
 		$path = ABSPATH . trim( $deprecated, '/' );
 	} else {
 		$path = WP_PLUGIN_DIR;
 	}
 
-	// Load the textdomain according to the plugin first
-	$mofile = $domain . '-' . $locale . '.mo';
-	if ( $loaded = load_textdomain( $domain, $path . '/'. $mofile ) )
-		return $loaded;
-
-	// Otherwise, load from the languages directory
-	$mofile = WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins/' . $mofile;
-	return load_textdomain( $domain, $mofile );
+	return load_textdomain( $domain, $path . '/' . $mofile );
 }
 
 /**
  * Load the translated strings for a plugin residing in the mu-plugins directory.
  *
  * @since 3.0.0
+ * @since 4.6.0 The function now tries to load the .mo file from the languages directory first.
  *
  * @param string $domain             Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
- * @param string $mu_plugin_rel_path Relative to WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR directory in which the .mo file resides.
- *                                   Default empty string.
+ * @param string $mu_plugin_rel_path Optional. Relative to `WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR` directory in which the .mo
+ *                                   file resides. Default empty string.
  * @return bool True when textdomain is successfully loaded, false otherwise.
  */
 function load_muplugin_textdomain( $domain, $mu_plugin_rel_path = '' ) {
 	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/l10n.php */
-	$locale = apply_filters( 'plugin_locale', get_locale(), $domain );
-	$path = trailingslashit( WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . ltrim( $mu_plugin_rel_path, '/' ) );
+	$locale = apply_filters( 'plugin_locale', is_admin() ? get_user_locale() : get_locale(), $domain );
 
-	// Load the textdomain according to the plugin first
 	$mofile = $domain . '-' . $locale . '.mo';
-	if ( $loaded = load_textdomain( $domain, $path . $mofile ) )
-		return $loaded;
 
-	// Otherwise, load from the languages directory
-	$mofile = WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins/' . $mofile;
-	return load_textdomain( $domain, $mofile );
+	// Try to load from the languages directory first.
+	if ( load_textdomain( $domain, WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins/' . $mofile ) ) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	$path = WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . ltrim( $mu_plugin_rel_path, '/' );
+
+	return load_textdomain( $domain, $path . '/' . $mofile );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -645,6 +768,7 @@
  * The .mo files must be named based on the locale exactly.
  *
  * @since 1.5.0
+ * @since 4.6.0 The function now tries to load the .mo file from the languages directory first.
  *
  * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
  * @param string $path   Optional. Path to the directory containing the .mo file.
@@ -652,28 +776,28 @@
  * @return bool True when textdomain is successfully loaded, false otherwise.
  */
 function load_theme_textdomain( $domain, $path = false ) {
-	$locale = get_locale();
 	/**
-	 * Filter a theme's locale.
+	 * Filters a theme's locale.
 	 *
 	 * @since 3.0.0
 	 *
 	 * @param string $locale The theme's current locale.
 	 * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
 	 */
-	$locale = apply_filters( 'theme_locale', $locale, $domain );
+	$locale = apply_filters( 'theme_locale', is_admin() ? get_user_locale() : get_locale(), $domain );
 
-	if ( ! $path )
-		$path = get_template_directory();
+	$mofile = $domain . '-' . $locale . '.mo';
 
-	// Load the textdomain according to the theme
-	$mofile = untrailingslashit( $path ) . "/{$locale}.mo";
-	if ( $loaded = load_textdomain( $domain, $mofile ) )
-		return $loaded;
+	// Try to load from the languages directory first.
+	if ( load_textdomain( $domain, WP_LANG_DIR . '/themes/' . $mofile ) ) {
+		return true;
+	}
 
-	// Otherwise, load from the languages directory
-	$mofile = WP_LANG_DIR . "/themes/{$domain}-{$locale}.mo";
-	return load_textdomain( $domain, $mofile );
+	if ( ! $path ) {
+		$path = get_template_directory();
+	}
+
+	return load_textdomain( $domain, $path . '/' . $locale . '.mo' );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -698,21 +822,139 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Loads plugin and theme textdomains just-in-time.
+ *
+ * When a textdomain is encountered for the first time, we try to load
+ * the translation file from `wp-content/languages`, removing the need
+ * to call load_plugin_texdomain() or load_theme_texdomain().
+ *
+ * @since 4.6.0
+ * @access private
+ *
+ * @see get_translations_for_domain()
+ * @global array $l10n_unloaded An array of all text domains that have been unloaded again.
+ *
+ * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ * @return bool True when the textdomain is successfully loaded, false otherwise.
+ */
+function _load_textdomain_just_in_time( $domain ) {
+	global $l10n_unloaded;
+
+	$l10n_unloaded = (array) $l10n_unloaded;
+
+	// Short-circuit if domain is 'default' which is reserved for core.
+	if ( 'default' === $domain || isset( $l10n_unloaded[ $domain ] ) ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	$translation_path = _get_path_to_translation( $domain );
+	if ( false === $translation_path ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return load_textdomain( $domain, $translation_path );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the path to a translation file for loading a textdomain just in time.
+ *
+ * Caches the retrieved results internally.
+ *
+ * @since 4.7.0
+ * @access private
+ *
+ * @see _load_textdomain_just_in_time()
+ *
+ * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ * @param bool   $reset  Whether to reset the internal cache. Used by the switch to locale functionality.
+ * @return string|false The path to the translation file or false if no translation file was found.
+ */
+function _get_path_to_translation( $domain, $reset = false ) {
+	static $available_translations = array();
+
+	if ( true === $reset ) {
+		$available_translations = array();
+	}
+
+	if ( ! isset( $available_translations[ $domain ] ) ) {
+		$available_translations[ $domain ] = _get_path_to_translation_from_lang_dir( $domain );
+	}
+
+	return $available_translations[ $domain ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the path to a translation file in the languages directory for the current locale.
+ *
+ * Holds a cached list of available .mo files to improve performance.
+ *
+ * @since 4.7.0
+ * @access private
+ *
+ * @see _get_path_to_translation()
+ *
+ * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
+ * @return string|false The path to the translation file or false if no translation file was found.
+ */
+function _get_path_to_translation_from_lang_dir( $domain ) {
+	static $cached_mofiles = null;
+
+	if ( null === $cached_mofiles ) {
+		$cached_mofiles = array();
+
+		$locations = array(
+			WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins',
+			WP_LANG_DIR . '/themes',
+		);
+
+		foreach ( $locations as $location ) {
+			$mofiles = glob( $location . '/*.mo' );
+			if ( $mofiles ) {
+				$cached_mofiles = array_merge( $cached_mofiles, $mofiles );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	$locale = is_admin() ? get_user_locale() : get_locale();
+	$mofile = "{$domain}-{$locale}.mo";
+
+	$path = WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins/' . $mofile;
+	if ( in_array( $path, $cached_mofiles ) ) {
+		return $path;
+	}
+
+	$path = WP_LANG_DIR . '/themes/' . $mofile;
+	if ( in_array( $path, $cached_mofiles ) ) {
+		return $path;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
  * Return the Translations instance for a text domain.
  *
  * If there isn't one, returns empty Translations instance.
  *
  * @since 2.8.0
  *
+ * @global array $l10n
+ *
  * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
- * @return NOOP_Translations A Translations instance.
+ * @return Translations|NOOP_Translations A Translations instance.
  */
 function get_translations_for_domain( $domain ) {
 	global $l10n;
-	if ( !isset( $l10n[$domain] ) ) {
-		$l10n[$domain] = new NOOP_Translations;
+	if ( isset( $l10n[ $domain ] ) || ( _load_textdomain_just_in_time( $domain ) && isset( $l10n[ $domain ] ) ) ) {
+		return $l10n[ $domain ];
 	}
-	return $l10n[$domain];
+
+	static $noop_translations = null;
+	if ( null === $noop_translations ) {
+		$noop_translations = new NOOP_Translations;
+	}
+
+	return $noop_translations;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -720,12 +962,14 @@
  *
  * @since 3.0.0
  *
+ * @global array $l10n
+ *
  * @param string $domain Text domain. Unique identifier for retrieving translated strings.
  * @return bool Whether there are translations.
  */
 function is_textdomain_loaded( $domain ) {
 	global $l10n;
-	return isset( $l10n[$domain] );
+	return isset( $l10n[ $domain ] );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -735,9 +979,9 @@
  * are dummy gettext calls to get them into the POT file and this function
  * properly translates them back.
  *
- * The before_last_bar() call is needed, because older installs keep the roles
+ * The before_last_bar() call is needed, because older installations keep the roles
  * using the old context format: 'Role name|User role' and just skipping the
- * content after the last bar is easier than fixing them in the DB. New installs
+ * content after the last bar is easier than fixing them in the DB. New installations
  * won't suffer from that problem.
  *
  * @since 2.8.0
@@ -755,6 +999,7 @@
  * The default directory is WP_LANG_DIR.
  *
  * @since 3.0.0
+ * @since 4.7.0 The results are now filterable with the {@see 'get_available_languages'} filter.
  *
  * @param string $dir A directory to search for language files.
  *                    Default WP_LANG_DIR.
@@ -763,14 +1008,26 @@
 function get_available_languages( $dir = null ) {
 	$languages = array();
 
-	foreach( (array)glob( ( is_null( $dir) ? WP_LANG_DIR : $dir ) . '/*.mo' ) as $lang_file ) {
-		$lang_file = basename($lang_file, '.mo');
-		if ( 0 !== strpos( $lang_file, 'continents-cities' ) && 0 !== strpos( $lang_file, 'ms-' ) &&
-			0 !== strpos( $lang_file, 'admin-' ))
-			$languages[] = $lang_file;
+	$lang_files = glob( ( is_null( $dir ) ? WP_LANG_DIR : $dir ) . '/*.mo' );
+	if ( $lang_files ) {
+		foreach ( $lang_files as $lang_file ) {
+			$lang_file = basename( $lang_file, '.mo' );
+			if ( 0 !== strpos( $lang_file, 'continents-cities' ) && 0 !== strpos( $lang_file, 'ms-' ) &&
+				0 !== strpos( $lang_file, 'admin-' ) ) {
+				$languages[] = $lang_file;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	return $languages;
+	/**
+	 * Filters the list of available language codes.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.7.0
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $languages An array of available language codes.
+	 * @param string $dir       The directory where the language files were found.
+	 */
+	return apply_filters( 'get_available_languages', $languages, $dir );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -803,13 +1060,13 @@
 	$language_data = array();
 
 	foreach ( $files as $file ) {
-		if ( '.' === $file[0] || is_dir( $file ) ) {
+		if ( '.' === $file[0] || is_dir( WP_LANG_DIR . "$dir/$file" ) ) {
 			continue;
 		}
 		if ( substr( $file, -3 ) !== '.po' ) {
 			continue;
 		}
-		if ( ! preg_match( '/(?:(.+)-)?([A-Za-z_]{2,6}).po/', $file, $match ) ) {
+		if ( ! preg_match( '/(?:(.+)-)?([a-z]{2,3}(?:_[A-Z]{2})?(?:_[a-z0-9]+)?).po/', $file, $match ) ) {
 			continue;
 		}
 		if ( ! in_array( substr( $file, 0, -3 ) . '.mo', $files ) )  {
@@ -851,6 +1108,8 @@
  * Language selector.
  *
  * @since 4.0.0
+ * @since 4.3.0 Introduced the `echo` argument.
+ * @since 4.7.0 Introduced the `show_option_site_default` argument.
  *
  * @see get_available_languages()
  * @see wp_get_available_translations()
@@ -858,39 +1117,55 @@
  * @param string|array $args {
  *     Optional. Array or string of arguments for outputting the language selector.
  *
- *     @type string  $id                           ID attribute of the select element. Default empty.
- *     @type string  $name                         Name attribute of the select element. Default empty.
- *     @type array   $languages                    List of installed languages, contain only the locales.
- *                                                 Default empty array.
- *     @type array   $translations                 List of available translations. Default result of
- *                                                 {@see wp_get_available_translations()}.
- *     @type string  $selected                     Language which should be selected. Default empty.
- *     @type bool    $show_available_translations  Whether to show available translations. Default true.
+ *     @type string   $id                           ID attribute of the select element. Default 'locale'.
+ *     @type string   $name                         Name attribute of the select element. Default 'locale'.
+ *     @type array    $languages                    List of installed languages, contain only the locales.
+ *                                                  Default empty array.
+ *     @type array    $translations                 List of available translations. Default result of
+ *                                                  wp_get_available_translations().
+ *     @type string   $selected                     Language which should be selected. Default empty.
+ *     @type bool|int $echo                         Whether to echo the generated markup. Accepts 0, 1, or their
+ *                                                  boolean equivalents. Default 1.
+ *     @type bool     $show_available_translations  Whether to show available translations. Default true.
+ *     @type bool     $show_option_site_default     Whether to show an option to fall back to the site's locale. Default false.
  * }
+ * @return string HTML content
  */
 function wp_dropdown_languages( $args = array() ) {
 
-	$args = wp_parse_args( $args, array(
-		'id'           => '',
-		'name'         => '',
+	$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, array(
+		'id'           => 'locale',
+		'name'         => 'locale',
 		'languages'    => array(),
 		'translations' => array(),
 		'selected'     => '',
+		'echo'         => 1,
 		'show_available_translations' => true,
+		'show_option_site_default'    => false,
 	) );
 
-	$translations = $args['translations'];
+	// Bail if no ID or no name.
+	if ( ! $parsed_args['id'] || ! $parsed_args['name'] ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// English (United States) uses an empty string for the value attribute.
+	if ( 'en_US' === $parsed_args['selected'] ) {
+		$parsed_args['selected'] = '';
+	}
+
+	$translations = $parsed_args['translations'];
 	if ( empty( $translations ) ) {
 		require_once( ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/translation-install.php' );
 		$translations = wp_get_available_translations();
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * $args['languages'] should only contain the locales. Find the locale in
+	 * $parsed_args['languages'] should only contain the locales. Find the locale in
 	 * $translations to get the native name. Fall back to locale.
 	 */
 	$languages = array();
-	foreach ( $args['languages'] as $locale ) {
+	foreach ( $parsed_args['languages'] as $locale ) {
 		if ( isset( $translations[ $locale ] ) ) {
 			$translation = $translations[ $locale ];
 			$languages[] = array(
@@ -910,9 +1185,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	$translations_available = ( ! empty( $translations ) && $args['show_available_translations'] );
-
-	printf( '<select name="%s" id="%s">', esc_attr( $args['name'] ), esc_attr( $args['id'] ) );
+	$translations_available = ( ! empty( $translations ) && $parsed_args['show_available_translations'] );
 
 	// Holds the HTML markup.
 	$structure = array();
@@ -921,13 +1194,29 @@
 	if ( $translations_available ) {
 		$structure[] = '<optgroup label="' . esc_attr_x( 'Installed', 'translations' ) . '">';
 	}
-	$structure[] = '<option value="" lang="en" data-installed="1">English (United States)</option>';
+
+	// Site default.
+	if ( $parsed_args['show_option_site_default'] ) {
+		$structure[] = sprintf(
+			'<option value="site-default" data-installed="1"%s>%s</option>',
+			selected( 'site-default', $parsed_args['selected'], false ),
+			_x( 'Site Default', 'default site language' )
+		);
+	}
+
+	// Always show English.
+	$structure[] = sprintf(
+		'<option value="" lang="en" data-installed="1"%s>English (United States)</option>',
+		selected( '', $parsed_args['selected'], false )
+	);
+
+	// List installed languages. 
 	foreach ( $languages as $language ) {
 		$structure[] = sprintf(
 			'<option value="%s" lang="%s"%s data-installed="1">%s</option>',
 			esc_attr( $language['language'] ),
 			esc_attr( $language['lang'] ),
-			selected( $language['language'], $args['selected'], false ),
+			selected( $language['language'], $parsed_args['selected'], false ),
 			esc_html( $language['native_name'] )
 		);
 	}
@@ -943,14 +1232,103 @@
 				'<option value="%s" lang="%s"%s>%s</option>',
 				esc_attr( $translation['language'] ),
 				esc_attr( current( $translation['iso'] ) ),
-				selected( $translation['language'], $args['selected'], false ),
+				selected( $translation['language'], $parsed_args['selected'], false ),
 				esc_html( $translation['native_name'] )
 			);
 		}
 		$structure[] = '</optgroup>';
 	}
 
-	echo join( "\n", $structure );
+	// Combine the output string.
+	$output  = sprintf( '<select name="%s" id="%s">', esc_attr( $parsed_args['name'] ), esc_attr( $parsed_args['id'] ) );
+	$output .= join( "\n", $structure );
+	$output .= '</select>';
+
+	if ( $parsed_args['echo'] ) {
+		echo $output;
+	}
+
+	return $output;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if current locale is RTL.
+ *
+ * @since 3.0.0
+ *
+ * @global WP_Locale $wp_locale
+ *
+ * @return bool Whether locale is RTL.
+ */
+function is_rtl() {
+	global $wp_locale;
+	if ( ! ( $wp_locale instanceof WP_Locale ) ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	return $wp_locale->is_rtl();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Switches the translations according to the given locale.
+ *
+ * @since 4.7.0
+ *
+ * @global WP_Locale_Switcher $wp_locale_switcher
+ *
+ * @param string $locale The locale.
+ * @return bool True on success, false on failure.
+ */
+function switch_to_locale( $locale ) {
+	/* @var WP_Locale_Switcher $wp_locale_switcher */
+	global $wp_locale_switcher;
+
+	return $wp_locale_switcher->switch_to_locale( $locale );
+}
 
-	echo '</select>';
+/**
+ * Restores the translations according to the previous locale.
+ *
+ * @since 4.7.0
+ *
+ * @global WP_Locale_Switcher $wp_locale_switcher
+ *
+ * @return string|false Locale on success, false on error.
+ */
+function restore_previous_locale() {
+	/* @var WP_Locale_Switcher $wp_locale_switcher */
+	global $wp_locale_switcher;
+
+	return $wp_locale_switcher->restore_previous_locale();
 }
+
+/**
+ * Restores the translations according to the original locale.
+ *
+ * @since 4.7.0
+ *
+ * @global WP_Locale_Switcher $wp_locale_switcher
+ *
+ * @return string|false Locale on success, false on error.
+ */
+function restore_current_locale() {
+	/* @var WP_Locale_Switcher $wp_locale_switcher */
+	global $wp_locale_switcher;
+
+	return $wp_locale_switcher->restore_current_locale();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether switch_to_locale() is in effect.
+ *
+ * @since 4.7.0
+ *
+ * @global WP_Locale_Switcher $wp_locale_switcher
+ *
+ * @return bool True if the locale has been switched, false otherwise.
+ */
+function is_locale_switched() {
+	/* @var WP_Locale_Switcher $wp_locale_switcher */
+	global $wp_locale_switcher;
+
+	return $wp_locale_switcher->is_switched();
+}