cms/drupal/includes/database/schema.inc
changeset 541 e756a8c72c3d
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/cms/drupal/includes/database/schema.inc	Fri Sep 08 12:04:06 2017 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,733 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * Generic Database schema code.
+ */
+
+require_once dirname(__FILE__) . '/query.inc';
+
+/**
+ * @defgroup schemaapi Schema API
+ * @{
+ * API to handle database schemas.
+ *
+ * A Drupal schema definition is an array structure representing one or
+ * more tables and their related keys and indexes. A schema is defined by
+ * hook_schema(), which usually lives in a modulename.install file.
+ *
+ * By implementing hook_schema() and specifying the tables your module
+ * declares, you can easily create and drop these tables on all
+ * supported database engines. You don't have to deal with the
+ * different SQL dialects for table creation and alteration of the
+ * supported database engines.
+ *
+ * hook_schema() should return an array with a key for each table that
+ * the module defines.
+ *
+ * The following keys are defined:
+ *   - 'description': A string in non-markup plain text describing this table
+ *     and its purpose. References to other tables should be enclosed in
+ *     curly-brackets. For example, the node_revisions table
+ *     description field might contain "Stores per-revision title and
+ *     body data for each {node}."
+ *   - 'fields': An associative array ('fieldname' => specification)
+ *     that describes the table's database columns. The specification
+ *     is also an array. The following specification parameters are defined:
+ *     - 'description': A string in non-markup plain text describing this field
+ *       and its purpose. References to other tables should be enclosed in
+ *       curly-brackets. For example, the node table vid field
+ *       description might contain "Always holds the largest (most
+ *       recent) {node_revision}.vid value for this nid."
+ *     - 'type': The generic datatype: 'char', 'varchar', 'text', 'blob', 'int',
+ *       'float', 'numeric', or 'serial'. Most types just map to the according
+ *       database engine specific datatypes. Use 'serial' for auto incrementing
+ *       fields. This will expand to 'INT auto_increment' on MySQL.
+ *     - 'mysql_type', 'pgsql_type', 'sqlite_type', etc.: If you need to
+ *       use a record type not included in the officially supported list
+ *       of types above, you can specify a type for each database
+ *       backend. In this case, you can leave out the type parameter,
+ *       but be advised that your schema will fail to load on backends that
+ *       do not have a type specified. A possible solution can be to
+ *       use the "text" type as a fallback.
+ *     - 'serialize': A boolean indicating whether the field will be stored as
+ *       a serialized string.
+ *     - 'size': The data size: 'tiny', 'small', 'medium', 'normal',
+ *       'big'. This is a hint about the largest value the field will
+ *       store and determines which of the database engine specific
+ *       datatypes will be used (e.g. on MySQL, TINYINT vs. INT vs. BIGINT).
+ *       'normal', the default, selects the base type (e.g. on MySQL,
+ *       INT, VARCHAR, BLOB, etc.).
+ *       Not all sizes are available for all data types. See
+ *       DatabaseSchema::getFieldTypeMap() for possible combinations.
+ *     - 'not null': If true, no NULL values will be allowed in this
+ *       database column. Defaults to false.
+ *     - 'default': The field's default value. The PHP type of the
+ *       value matters: '', '0', and 0 are all different. If you
+ *       specify '0' as the default value for a type 'int' field it
+ *       will not work because '0' is a string containing the
+ *       character "zero", not an integer.
+ *     - 'length': The maximal length of a type 'char', 'varchar' or 'text'
+ *       field. Ignored for other field types.
+ *     - 'unsigned': A boolean indicating whether a type 'int', 'float'
+ *       and 'numeric' only is signed or unsigned. Defaults to
+ *       FALSE. Ignored for other field types.
+ *     - 'precision', 'scale': For type 'numeric' fields, indicates
+ *       the precision (total number of significant digits) and scale
+ *       (decimal digits right of the decimal point). Both values are
+ *       mandatory. Ignored for other field types.
+ *     - 'binary': A boolean indicating that MySQL should force 'char',
+ *       'varchar' or 'text' fields to use case-sensitive binary collation.
+ *       This has no effect on other database types for which case sensitivity
+ *       is already the default behavior.
+ *     All parameters apart from 'type' are optional except that type
+ *     'numeric' columns must specify 'precision' and 'scale', and type
+ *     'varchar' must specify the 'length' parameter.
+ *  - 'primary key': An array of one or more key column specifiers (see below)
+ *    that form the primary key.
+ *  - 'unique keys': An associative array of unique keys ('keyname' =>
+ *    specification). Each specification is an array of one or more
+ *    key column specifiers (see below) that form a unique key on the table.
+ *  - 'foreign keys': An associative array of relations ('my_relation' =>
+ *    specification). Each specification is an array containing the name of
+ *    the referenced table ('table'), and an array of column mappings
+ *    ('columns'). Column mappings are defined by key pairs ('source_column' =>
+ *    'referenced_column'). This key is for documentation purposes only; foreign
+ *    keys are not created in the database, nor are they enforced by Drupal.
+ *  - 'indexes':  An associative array of indexes ('indexname' =>
+ *    specification). Each specification is an array of one or more
+ *    key column specifiers (see below) that form an index on the
+ *    table.
+ *
+ * A key column specifier is either a string naming a column or an
+ * array of two elements, column name and length, specifying a prefix
+ * of the named column.
+ *
+ * As an example, here is a SUBSET of the schema definition for
+ * Drupal's 'node' table. It show four fields (nid, vid, type, and
+ * title), the primary key on field 'nid', a unique key named 'vid' on
+ * field 'vid', and two indexes, one named 'nid' on field 'nid' and
+ * one named 'node_title_type' on the field 'title' and the first four
+ * bytes of the field 'type':
+ *
+ * @code
+ * $schema['node'] = array(
+ *   'description' => 'The base table for nodes.',
+ *   'fields' => array(
+ *     'nid'       => array('type' => 'serial', 'unsigned' => TRUE, 'not null' => TRUE),
+ *     'vid'       => array('type' => 'int', 'unsigned' => TRUE, 'not null' => TRUE,'default' => 0),
+ *     'type'      => array('type' => 'varchar','length' => 32,'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => ''),
+ *     'language'  => array('type' => 'varchar','length' => 12,'not null' => TRUE,'default' => ''),
+ *     'title'     => array('type' => 'varchar','length' => 255,'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => ''),
+ *     'uid'       => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => 0),
+ *     'status'    => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => 1),
+ *     'created'   => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => 0),
+ *     'changed'   => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => 0),
+ *     'comment'   => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => 0),
+ *     'promote'   => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => 0),
+ *     'moderate'  => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE,'default' => 0),
+ *     'sticky'    => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => 0),
+ *     'tnid'      => array('type' => 'int', 'unsigned' => TRUE, 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => 0),
+ *     'translate' => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => 0),
+ *   ),
+ *   'indexes' => array(
+ *     'node_changed'        => array('changed'),
+ *     'node_created'        => array('created'),
+ *     'node_moderate'       => array('moderate'),
+ *     'node_frontpage'      => array('promote', 'status', 'sticky', 'created'),
+ *     'node_status_type'    => array('status', 'type', 'nid'),
+ *     'node_title_type'     => array('title', array('type', 4)),
+ *     'node_type'           => array(array('type', 4)),
+ *     'uid'                 => array('uid'),
+ *     'tnid'                => array('tnid'),
+ *     'translate'           => array('translate'),
+ *   ),
+ *   'unique keys' => array(
+ *     'vid' => array('vid'),
+ *   ),
+ *   // For documentation purposes only; foreign keys are not created in the
+ *   // database.
+ *   'foreign keys' => array(
+ *     'node_revision' => array(
+ *       'table' => 'node_revision',
+ *       'columns' => array('vid' => 'vid'),
+ *      ),
+ *     'node_author' => array(
+ *       'table' => 'users',
+ *       'columns' => array('uid' => 'uid'),
+ *      ),
+ *    ),
+ *   'primary key' => array('nid'),
+ * );
+ * @endcode
+ *
+ * @see drupal_install_schema()
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Base class for database schema definitions.
+ */
+abstract class DatabaseSchema implements QueryPlaceholderInterface {
+
+  protected $connection;
+
+  /**
+   * The placeholder counter.
+   */
+  protected $placeholder = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Definition of prefixInfo array structure.
+   *
+   * Rather than redefining DatabaseSchema::getPrefixInfo() for each driver,
+   * by defining the defaultSchema variable only MySQL has to re-write the
+   * method.
+   *
+   * @see DatabaseSchema::getPrefixInfo()
+   */
+  protected $defaultSchema = 'public';
+
+  /**
+   * A unique identifier for this query object.
+   */
+  protected $uniqueIdentifier;
+
+  public function __construct($connection) {
+    $this->uniqueIdentifier = uniqid('', TRUE);
+    $this->connection = $connection;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Implements the magic __clone function.
+   */
+  public function __clone() {
+    $this->uniqueIdentifier = uniqid('', TRUE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Implements QueryPlaceHolderInterface::uniqueIdentifier().
+   */
+  public function uniqueIdentifier() {
+    return $this->uniqueIdentifier;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Implements QueryPlaceHolderInterface::nextPlaceholder().
+   */
+  public function nextPlaceholder() {
+    return $this->placeholder++;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get information about the table name and schema from the prefix.
+   *
+   * @param
+   *   Name of table to look prefix up for. Defaults to 'default' because thats
+   *   default key for prefix.
+   * @param $add_prefix
+   *   Boolean that indicates whether the given table name should be prefixed.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   A keyed array with information about the schema, table name and prefix.
+   */
+  protected function getPrefixInfo($table = 'default', $add_prefix = TRUE) {
+    $info = array(
+      'schema' => $this->defaultSchema,
+      'prefix' => $this->connection->tablePrefix($table),
+    );
+    if ($add_prefix) {
+      $table = $info['prefix'] . $table;
+    }
+    // If the prefix contains a period in it, then that means the prefix also
+    // contains a schema reference in which case we will change the schema key
+    // to the value before the period in the prefix. Everything after the dot
+    // will be prefixed onto the front of the table.
+    if (($pos = strpos($table, '.')) !== FALSE) {
+      // Grab everything before the period.
+      $info['schema'] = substr($table, 0, $pos);
+      // Grab everything after the dot.
+      $info['table'] = substr($table, ++$pos);
+    }
+    else {
+      $info['table'] = $table;
+    }
+    return $info;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create names for indexes, primary keys and constraints.
+   *
+   * This prevents using {} around non-table names like indexes and keys.
+   */
+  function prefixNonTable($table) {
+    $args = func_get_args();
+    $info = $this->getPrefixInfo($table);
+    $args[0] = $info['table'];
+    return implode('_', $args);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build a condition to match a table name against a standard information_schema.
+   *
+   * The information_schema is a SQL standard that provides information about the
+   * database server and the databases, schemas, tables, columns and users within
+   * it. This makes information_schema a useful tool to use across the drupal
+   * database drivers and is used by a few different functions. The function below
+   * describes the conditions to be meet when querying information_schema.tables
+   * for drupal tables or information associated with drupal tables. Even though
+   * this is the standard method, not all databases follow standards and so this
+   * method should be overwritten by a database driver if the database provider
+   * uses alternate methods. Because information_schema.tables is used in a few
+   * different functions, a database driver will only need to override this function
+   * to make all the others work. For example see includes/databases/mysql/schema.inc.
+   *
+   * @param $table_name
+   *   The name of the table in question.
+   * @param $operator
+   *   The operator to apply on the 'table' part of the condition.
+   * @param $add_prefix
+   *   Boolean to indicate whether the table name needs to be prefixed.
+   *
+   * @return QueryConditionInterface
+   *   A DatabaseCondition object.
+   */
+  protected function buildTableNameCondition($table_name, $operator = '=', $add_prefix = TRUE) {
+    $info = $this->connection->getConnectionOptions();
+
+    // Retrieve the table name and schema
+    $table_info = $this->getPrefixInfo($table_name, $add_prefix);
+
+    $condition = new DatabaseCondition('AND');
+    $condition->condition('table_catalog', $info['database']);
+    $condition->condition('table_schema', $table_info['schema']);
+    $condition->condition('table_name', $table_info['table'], $operator);
+    return $condition;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a table exists.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The name of the table in drupal (no prefixing).
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   TRUE if the given table exists, otherwise FALSE.
+   */
+  public function tableExists($table) {
+    $condition = $this->buildTableNameCondition($table);
+    $condition->compile($this->connection, $this);
+    // Normally, we would heartily discourage the use of string
+    // concatenation for conditionals like this however, we
+    // couldn't use db_select() here because it would prefix
+    // information_schema.tables and the query would fail.
+    // Don't use {} around information_schema.tables table.
+    return (bool) $this->connection->query("SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.tables WHERE " . (string) $condition, $condition->arguments())->fetchField();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find all tables that are like the specified base table name.
+   *
+   * @param $table_expression
+   *   An SQL expression, for example "simpletest%" (without the quotes).
+   *   BEWARE: this is not prefixed, the caller should take care of that.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   Array, both the keys and the values are the matching tables.
+   */
+  public function findTables($table_expression) {
+    $condition = $this->buildTableNameCondition($table_expression, 'LIKE', FALSE);
+
+    $condition->compile($this->connection, $this);
+    // Normally, we would heartily discourage the use of string
+    // concatenation for conditionals like this however, we
+    // couldn't use db_select() here because it would prefix
+    // information_schema.tables and the query would fail.
+    // Don't use {} around information_schema.tables table.
+    return $this->connection->query("SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE " . (string) $condition, $condition->arguments())->fetchAllKeyed(0, 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a column exists in the given table.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The name of the table in drupal (no prefixing).
+   * @param $name
+   *   The name of the column.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   TRUE if the given column exists, otherwise FALSE.
+   */
+  public function fieldExists($table, $column) {
+    $condition = $this->buildTableNameCondition($table);
+    $condition->condition('column_name', $column);
+    $condition->compile($this->connection, $this);
+    // Normally, we would heartily discourage the use of string
+    // concatenation for conditionals like this however, we
+    // couldn't use db_select() here because it would prefix
+    // information_schema.tables and the query would fail.
+    // Don't use {} around information_schema.columns table.
+    return (bool) $this->connection->query("SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.columns WHERE " . (string) $condition, $condition->arguments())->fetchField();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a mapping of Drupal schema field names to DB-native field types.
+   *
+   * Because different field types do not map 1:1 between databases, Drupal has
+   * its own normalized field type names. This function returns a driver-specific
+   * mapping table from Drupal names to the native names for each database.
+   *
+   * @return array
+   *   An array of Schema API field types to driver-specific field types.
+   */
+  abstract public function getFieldTypeMap();
+
+  /**
+   * Rename a table.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be renamed.
+   * @param $new_name
+   *   The new name for the table.
+   *
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectDoesNotExistException
+   *   If the specified table doesn't exist.
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectExistsException
+   *   If a table with the specified new name already exists.
+   */
+  abstract public function renameTable($table, $new_name);
+
+  /**
+   * Drop a table.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be dropped.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   TRUE if the table was successfully dropped, FALSE if there was no table
+   *   by that name to begin with.
+   */
+  abstract public function dropTable($table);
+
+  /**
+   * Add a new field to a table.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   Name of the table to be altered.
+   * @param $field
+   *   Name of the field to be added.
+   * @param $spec
+   *   The field specification array, as taken from a schema definition.
+   *   The specification may also contain the key 'initial', the newly
+   *   created field will be set to the value of the key in all rows.
+   *   This is most useful for creating NOT NULL columns with no default
+   *   value in existing tables.
+   * @param $keys_new
+   *   (optional) Keys and indexes specification to be created on the
+   *   table along with adding the field. The format is the same as a
+   *   table specification but without the 'fields' element. If you are
+   *   adding a type 'serial' field, you MUST specify at least one key
+   *   or index including it in this array. See db_change_field() for more
+   *   explanation why.
+   *
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectDoesNotExistException
+   *   If the specified table doesn't exist.
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectExistsException
+   *   If the specified table already has a field by that name.
+   */
+  abstract public function addField($table, $field, $spec, $keys_new = array());
+
+  /**
+   * Drop a field.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be altered.
+   * @param $field
+   *   The field to be dropped.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   TRUE if the field was successfully dropped, FALSE if there was no field
+   *   by that name to begin with.
+   */
+  abstract public function dropField($table, $field);
+
+  /**
+   * Set the default value for a field.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be altered.
+   * @param $field
+   *   The field to be altered.
+   * @param $default
+   *   Default value to be set. NULL for 'default NULL'.
+   *
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectDoesNotExistException
+   *   If the specified table or field doesn't exist.
+   */
+  abstract public function fieldSetDefault($table, $field, $default);
+
+  /**
+   * Set a field to have no default value.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be altered.
+   * @param $field
+   *   The field to be altered.
+   *
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectDoesNotExistException
+   *   If the specified table or field doesn't exist.
+   */
+  abstract public function fieldSetNoDefault($table, $field);
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if an index exists in the given table.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The name of the table in drupal (no prefixing).
+   * @param $name
+   *   The name of the index in drupal (no prefixing).
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   TRUE if the given index exists, otherwise FALSE.
+   */
+  abstract public function indexExists($table, $name);
+
+  /**
+   * Add a primary key.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be altered.
+   * @param $fields
+   *   Fields for the primary key.
+   *
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectDoesNotExistException
+   *   If the specified table doesn't exist.
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectExistsException
+   *   If the specified table already has a primary key.
+   */
+  abstract public function addPrimaryKey($table, $fields);
+
+  /**
+   * Drop the primary key.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be altered.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   TRUE if the primary key was successfully dropped, FALSE if there was no
+   *   primary key on this table to begin with.
+   */
+  abstract public function dropPrimaryKey($table);
+
+  /**
+   * Add a unique key.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be altered.
+   * @param $name
+   *   The name of the key.
+   * @param $fields
+   *   An array of field names.
+   *
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectDoesNotExistException
+   *   If the specified table doesn't exist.
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectExistsException
+   *   If the specified table already has a key by that name.
+   */
+  abstract public function addUniqueKey($table, $name, $fields);
+
+  /**
+   * Drop a unique key.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be altered.
+   * @param $name
+   *   The name of the key.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   TRUE if the key was successfully dropped, FALSE if there was no key by
+   *   that name to begin with.
+   */
+  abstract public function dropUniqueKey($table, $name);
+
+  /**
+   * Add an index.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be altered.
+   * @param $name
+   *   The name of the index.
+   * @param $fields
+   *   An array of field names.
+   *
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectDoesNotExistException
+   *   If the specified table doesn't exist.
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectExistsException
+   *   If the specified table already has an index by that name.
+   */
+  abstract public function addIndex($table, $name, $fields);
+
+  /**
+   * Drop an index.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   The table to be altered.
+   * @param $name
+   *   The name of the index.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   TRUE if the index was successfully dropped, FALSE if there was no index
+   *   by that name to begin with.
+   */
+  abstract public function dropIndex($table, $name);
+
+  /**
+   * Change a field definition.
+   *
+   * IMPORTANT NOTE: To maintain database portability, you have to explicitly
+   * recreate all indices and primary keys that are using the changed field.
+   *
+   * That means that you have to drop all affected keys and indexes with
+   * db_drop_{primary_key,unique_key,index}() before calling db_change_field().
+   * To recreate the keys and indices, pass the key definitions as the
+   * optional $keys_new argument directly to db_change_field().
+   *
+   * For example, suppose you have:
+   * @code
+   * $schema['foo'] = array(
+   *   'fields' => array(
+   *     'bar' => array('type' => 'int', 'not null' => TRUE)
+   *   ),
+   *   'primary key' => array('bar')
+   * );
+   * @endcode
+   * and you want to change foo.bar to be type serial, leaving it as the
+   * primary key. The correct sequence is:
+   * @code
+   * db_drop_primary_key('foo');
+   * db_change_field('foo', 'bar', 'bar',
+   *   array('type' => 'serial', 'not null' => TRUE),
+   *   array('primary key' => array('bar')));
+   * @endcode
+   *
+   * The reasons for this are due to the different database engines:
+   *
+   * On PostgreSQL, changing a field definition involves adding a new field
+   * and dropping an old one which* causes any indices, primary keys and
+   * sequences (from serial-type fields) that use the changed field to be dropped.
+   *
+   * On MySQL, all type 'serial' fields must be part of at least one key
+   * or index as soon as they are created. You cannot use
+   * db_add_{primary_key,unique_key,index}() for this purpose because
+   * the ALTER TABLE command will fail to add the column without a key
+   * or index specification. The solution is to use the optional
+   * $keys_new argument to create the key or index at the same time as
+   * field.
+   *
+   * You could use db_add_{primary_key,unique_key,index}() in all cases
+   * unless you are converting a field to be type serial. You can use
+   * the $keys_new argument in all cases.
+   *
+   * @param $table
+   *   Name of the table.
+   * @param $field
+   *   Name of the field to change.
+   * @param $field_new
+   *   New name for the field (set to the same as $field if you don't want to change the name).
+   * @param $spec
+   *   The field specification for the new field.
+   * @param $keys_new
+   *   (optional) Keys and indexes specification to be created on the
+   *   table along with changing the field. The format is the same as a
+   *   table specification but without the 'fields' element.
+   *
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectDoesNotExistException
+   *   If the specified table or source field doesn't exist.
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectExistsException
+   *   If the specified destination field already exists.
+   */
+  abstract public function changeField($table, $field, $field_new, $spec, $keys_new = array());
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new table from a Drupal table definition.
+   *
+   * @param $name
+   *   The name of the table to create.
+   * @param $table
+   *   A Schema API table definition array.
+   *
+   * @throws DatabaseSchemaObjectExistsException
+   *   If the specified table already exists.
+   */
+  public function createTable($name, $table) {
+    if ($this->tableExists($name)) {
+      throw new DatabaseSchemaObjectExistsException(t('Table @name already exists.', array('@name' => $name)));
+    }
+    $statements = $this->createTableSql($name, $table);
+    foreach ($statements as $statement) {
+      $this->connection->query($statement);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return an array of field names from an array of key/index column specifiers.
+   *
+   * This is usually an identity function but if a key/index uses a column prefix
+   * specification, this function extracts just the name.
+   *
+   * @param $fields
+   *   An array of key/index column specifiers.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   An array of field names.
+   */
+  public function fieldNames($fields) {
+    $return = array();
+    foreach ($fields as $field) {
+      if (is_array($field)) {
+        $return[] = $field[0];
+      }
+      else {
+        $return[] = $field;
+      }
+    }
+    return $return;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prepare a table or column comment for database query.
+   *
+   * @param $comment
+   *   The comment string to prepare.
+   * @param $length
+   *   Optional upper limit on the returned string length.
+   *
+   * @return
+   *   The prepared comment.
+   */
+  public function prepareComment($comment, $length = NULL) {
+    return $this->connection->quote($comment);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exception thrown if an object being created already exists.
+ *
+ * For example, this exception should be thrown whenever there is an attempt to
+ * create a new database table, field, or index that already exists in the
+ * database schema.
+ */
+class DatabaseSchemaObjectExistsException extends Exception {}
+
+/**
+ * Exception thrown if an object being modified doesn't exist yet.
+ *
+ * For example, this exception should be thrown whenever there is an attempt to
+ * modify a database table, field, or index that does not currently exist in
+ * the database schema.
+ */
+class DatabaseSchemaObjectDoesNotExistException extends Exception {}
+
+/**
+ * @} End of "defgroup schemaapi".
+ */
+