# HG changeset patch
# User raph
# Date 1273219570 -7200
# Node ID 542f1b389a296261f5ca2f9912c77f791b187824
# Parent  05a602160c586343079048651a3e0e4c05cff0f1
add test case for long lasting spannify

diff -r 05a602160c58 -r 542f1b389a29 src/cm/tests/data/long_text_to_spannify.html
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/cm/tests/data/long_text_to_spannify.html	Fri May 07 10:06:10 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,1367 @@
+<p>
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Consolidated Text<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Prepared for Public Release<br />
+	Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement<br />
+	&nbsp; PUBLIC Predecisional/Deliberative Draft:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; April 2010<br />
+	&nbsp;This draft text does not identify participants&rsquo;<br />
+	positions in respect of square bracketed options.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CHAPTER ONE<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; INITIAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [ 1 : Section A: Initial Provisions<br />
+	ARTICLE 1.1: RELATION TO OTHER AGREEMENTS<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nothing in this Agreement shall derogate from any international obligation of a<br />
+	Party with respect to any other Party under existing agreements to which both Parties<br />
+	are party.<br />
+	ARTICLE 1.2: NATURE AND SCOPE OF OBLIGATIONS 2<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Members shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. A Party may<br />
+	implement in its domestic law more extensive protection and enforcement of intellectual<br />
+	property rights than is required by this Agreement, provided that such protection and<br />
+	enforcement does not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be<br />
+	free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this<br />
+	Agreement within their own legal system and practice.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nothing in this Agreement creates any obligation with respect to the distribution<br />
+	of resources as between enforcement of intellectual property rights and enforcement of<br />
+	law in general.<br />
+	ARTICLE 1.3: RELATION TO STANDARDS CONCERNING AVAILABILITY AND SCOPE OF<br />
+	INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This Agreement shall be without prejudice to provisions governing the<br />
+	availability, acquisition, scope, and maintenance of intellectual property rights<br />
+	contained in a Party&rsquo;s law.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It is understood that this Agreement does not create any obligation on a Party to<br />
+	apply measures where a right in intellectual property is not protected under the laws and<br />
+	regulations of that Party.<br />
+	ARTICLE 1.4:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PRIVACY AND DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION<br />
+	[A suitable provision needs to be drafted that would ensure nothing in the Agreement<br />
+	detracts from national legislation regarding protection of personal privacy. In the same<br />
+	1<br />
+	&nbsp; This Section A has been proposed as an initial discussion draft, to receive detailed reactions at the next<br />
+	Round.<br />
+	2<br />
+	&nbsp; Negotiator&rsquo;s Note: Provisions on transitional arrangements (i.e., entry into force) and application to<br />
+	prior acts will be included in Chapter 6.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3<br />
+	way, a suitable provision needs to be drafted regarding disclosure of commercial<br />
+	information]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Section B 3 : General Definitions<br />
+	ARTICLE 1.X: DEFINITIONS<br />
+	For purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise specified:<br />
+	days means calendar days;<br />
+	intellectual property refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject<br />
+	of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of<br />
+	Intellectual Property Rights.<br />
+	Council means the ACTA Oversight Council established under Chapter Five;<br />
+	measure includes any law, regulation, procedure, requirement, or practice;<br />
+	person means either a natural person or a juridical person;<br />
+	right holder includes a federation or an association having the legal standing and<br />
+	authority to assert rights in intellectual property, and also includes a person that<br />
+	exclusively has any one or more of the intellectual property rights encompassed in a<br />
+	given intellectual property;<br />
+	territory means customs territory of a Party and all free trade zones of that Party;<br />
+	TRIPS Agreement means the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual<br />
+	Property Rights, contained in Annex 1C to the WTO Agreement; 4<br />
+	WTO means the World Trade Organization; and<br />
+	WTO Agreement means the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade<br />
+	Organization, done on April 15, 1994.<br />
+	3<br />
+	&nbsp; Section B of the Initial Provisions is still to be discussed.<br />
+	4<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; For greater certainty, &ldquo;TRIPS Agreement&rdquo; includes any waiver in force between the Parties of any<br />
+	provision of the TRIPS Agreement granted by WTO Members in accordance with the WTO Agreement.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CHAPTER TWO<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENFORCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [General Obligations 5<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.X: GENERAL OBLIGATIONS WITH RESPECT TO ENFORCEMENT<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Procedures adopted, maintained, or applied to implement this Chapter shall be<br />
+	fair and equitable. They shall not be unnecessarily complicated or costly, or entail<br />
+	unreasonable time-limits or unwarranted delays.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In respect of civil remedies and criminal penalties for enforcement of intellectual<br />
+	property rights, each Party shall take into account the need for proportionality between<br />
+	the seriousness of the infringement and the remedies or penalties ordered.<br />
+	[3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Those measures, procedures and remedies&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; shall&nbsp;&nbsp; also&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; be&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [effective,<br />
+	proportionate][ fair and equitable] and [deterrent]] 6 ]<br />
+	4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Provision on limitations on remedies available against use by governments as<br />
+	well as exemptions of public authorities and official from liability to be inserted here at<br />
+	a later date.]<br />
+	5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Define scope of the intellectual property rights covered in the Agreement]] [The<br />
+	scope of intellectual property rights will be defined at the start of each chapter.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Section 1: Civil Enforcement<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.1: AVAILABILITY OF CIVIL PROCEDURES<br />
+	&nbsp;In the context of this section, e] [E]ach Party shall make available to right holders [civil<br />
+	judicial] [or administrative] procedures concerning the enforcement of any [intellectual<br />
+	property right] [copyrights and related rights and trademarks].<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.X: INJUNCTIONS<br />
+	[1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ]In civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of [copyright or<br />
+	related rights and trademarks] [intellectual property rights], each Party shall provide that<br />
+	its judicial authorities shall have the authority [subject to any statutory limitations under<br />
+	its domestic law] to issue [against the infringer an injunction aimed at prohibiting the<br />
+	continuation of the] [an order to a party to desist from an] infringement, including an<br />
+	order to prevent infringing goods from entering into the channels of commerce [and to<br />
+	5<br />
+	&nbsp; This General Obligations Section has been proposed as an initial discussion draft, to receive detailed<br />
+	reactions at the next Round.<br />
+	6<br />
+	&nbsp; [Move (with adjustments) Art. 2.1.2 to General Obligations.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5<br />
+	prevent their exportation]. 7<br />
+	[2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Parties [may] shall also ensure that right holders are in a position to apply<br />
+	for an injunction against [infringing] intermediaries whose services are used by a<br />
+	third party to infringe an intellectual property right. 8 ] 9<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.2: DAMAGES<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide that:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in civil judicial proceedings, its judicial authorities shall have the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; authority to order the infringer [who knowingly or with reasonable<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; grounds to know, engaged in [infringing activity] of [copyright or related<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; rights and trademarks] [intellectual property rights] to pay the right<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; holder<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; damages adequate to compensate for the injury the right holder<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; has suffered as a result of the infringement; or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [at least in the case of copyright or related rights infringement<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and trademark counterfeiting,] [in the case of IPR infringements]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the profits of the infringer that are attributable to the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; infringement, [which may be presumed to be the amount of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; damages] [and that are not taken into account in computing the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; amount of damages] [referred to in clause (i)] 10<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [which may be presumed to be the amount of damages referred to<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in clause (i)]; and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in determining the amount of damages for [copyright or related rights<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; infringement and trademark counterfeiting] [infringement of intellectual<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; property rights], its judicial authorities shall consider, inter alia, any<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; legitimate measure of value submitted by the right holder, which may<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; include the lost profits, the value of the infringed good or service,<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; measured by the market price, the suggested retail price, or [the profits of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the infringer that are attributable to the infringement].<br />
+	[7 A Party may comply with its obligation relating to exportation of infringing goods through its<br />
+	provisions concerning distribution [or transfer].]<br />
+	[8 The conditions and procedures relating to such injunction will be left to each Party&rsquo;s legal system.]<br />
+	9<br />
+	&nbsp; At least one delegation opposes paragraph 2 and is considering its placement<br />
+	10<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation proposes to delete (ii) as originally proposed and move (ii) into paragraph<br />
+	2.2.1(b).<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6<br />
+	[2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; At least with respect to works, phonograms, and performances protected by<br />
+	copyright or related rights, and in [cases of trademark counterfeiting], in civil judicial<br />
+	proceedings, [As an alternative to paragraph 1,] each Party [shall][may] establish or<br />
+	maintain a system that provides:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pre-established damages;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; presumptions for determining the amount of damages 11 sufficient to<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; compensate the right holder for the harm caused by the infringement. 12 [;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; additional damages]]<br />
+	[3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Where the infringer did not knowingly, or with reasonable grounds to know,<br />
+	engage in infringing activity, each Party may [lay down that] [establish] [may authorize<br />
+	its] the judicial authorities may [to] order the recovery of profits or the payment of<br />
+	damages, which may be pre-established.]<br />
+	[4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Where a Party provides one of the options described in paragraph 2(a) or 2(b),<br />
+	that Party shall ensure that a right holder has the right to choose that option [ 13 ] as an<br />
+	alternative to the remedies referred to in paragraph 1.]<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	[5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities, except in exceptional<br />
+	circumstances, shall have the authority to order, at the conclusion of civil judicial<br />
+	proceedings [[at least in cases] concerning copyright or related rights infringement,<br />
+	[patent infringement,] or trademark infringement] that the prevailing party be awarded<br />
+	payment by the losing party of [ [reasonable and proportionate] legal] court costs or<br />
+	fees. [Each Party shall also provide that its judicial authorities, [except in exceptional<br />
+	circumstances], [in proceedings concerning copyright or related rights infringement or<br />
+	willful trademark counterfeiting,] shall have the authority to order, [in appropriate<br />
+	cases], that the prevailing party be awarded payment by the losing party of reasonable<br />
+	attorney&rsquo;s fees [, and other expenses as provided for under that Party&rsquo;s domestic<br />
+	&nbsp;11<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Such measures may include the presumption that the amount of damages is (i) the quantity of the<br />
+	goods infringing the right holder&rsquo;s intellectual property right and actually assigned to third persons,<br />
+	multiplied by the amount of profit per unit of goods which would have been sold by the right holder if<br />
+	there had not been the act of infringement or (ii) a reasonable royalty [ or (iii) a lump sum on the basis of<br />
+	elements such as at least the amount of royalties or fees which would have been due if the infringer had<br />
+	requested authorization to use the intellectual property right in question].<br />
+	[12 No Party is required to apply paragraph 2 to actions for infringement against a Party or a third party<br />
+	acting with the authorization or consent of the Party.]<br />
+	[13 No Party is required to provide the right holders with more than one of the options referred to in<br />
+	paragraph 2.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7<br />
+	law]. 14 ]<br />
+	Option 2<br />
+	[5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities, [in appropriate cases], shall<br />
+	have the authority to order, at the conclusion of civil judicial proceedings [[at least in<br />
+	cases] concerning copyright or related rights infringement, [patent infringement,] or<br />
+	trademark counterfeiting] that the prevailing party be awarded payment by the losing<br />
+	party of court costs or fees and reasonable [and proportionate] attorney&rsquo;s fees [, and any<br />
+	other expenses as provided for under that Party&rsquo;s domestic law]. 15 ]<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.3: OTHER REMEDIES<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With respect to goods that have been found to be [pirated or counterfeited]<br />
+	[infringing an intellectual property right], each Party shall provide that in civil judicial<br />
+	proceedings, at the right holder&rsquo;s request, its judicial authorities shall have the authority<br />
+	to order that such goods be [recalled, definitively removed from the channel of<br />
+	commerce, or] destroyed, except in exceptional circumstances, without compensation of<br />
+	any sort.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall further provide that its judicial authorities shall have the<br />
+	authority to order that materials and implements the predominant use of which has been<br />
+	in the manufacture or creation of [infringing] [pirated or counterfeit] goods be, without<br />
+	undue delay and without compensation of any sort, destroyed or disposed of outside the<br />
+	channels of commerce in such a manner as to minimize the risks of further<br />
+	infringements.<br />
+	[3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The judicial authorities shall order that those remedies be carried out at the<br />
+	expense of the infringer, unless particular reasons are invoked for not doing so.]<br />
+	[4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [In ordering those remedies, the judicial authorities][Each Party shall further<br />
+	provide that its judicial authority in ordering these remedies] shall take into account the<br />
+	need for proportionality between the seriousness of the infringement and the remedies<br />
+	ordered as well as the interest of third parties.] 16<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.4: INFORMATION RELATED TO INFRINGEMENT<br />
+	[Without prejudice to other statutory provisions which, in particular, govern the<br />
+	protection of confidentiality of information sources or the processing of personal<br />
+	[14 For greater certainty, the term &ldquo;reasonable attorney&rsquo;s fees&rdquo; is not intended to require a higher amount<br />
+	than the amount of &ldquo;appropriate attorney&rsquo;s fees&rdquo; under the TRIPS Article 45.2.]<br />
+	[15 For greater certainty, the term &ldquo;reasonable attorney&rsquo;s fees&rdquo; is not intended to require a higher amount<br />
+	than the amount of &ldquo;appropriate attorney&rsquo;s fees&rdquo; under the TRIPS Article 45.2.]<br />
+	16<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; This provision is to be reflected in the General Obligations Section.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8<br />
+	data,] 17 Each Party shall provide that in civil judicial proceedings concerning the<br />
+	enforcement of [intellectual property rights][copyright or related rights and trademarks],<br />
+	its judicial authorities shall have the authority upon a justified request of the right<br />
+	holder, to order the [alleged] infringer [including an alleged infringer] to provide, [for<br />
+	the purpose of collecting evidence] any [relevant] information [information on the<br />
+	origin and distribution network of the infringing goods or services][in the form as<br />
+	prescribed in its applicable laws and regulations] that the infringer possesses or controls,<br />
+	[where appropriate,] to the right holder or to the judicial authorities. Such information<br />
+	may include information regarding any person or persons involved in any aspect of the<br />
+	infringement and regarding the means of production or distribution channel of such<br />
+	goods or services, including the identification of third persons involved in the<br />
+	production and distribution of the infringing goods or services or in their channels of<br />
+	distribution. [For greater clarity, this provision does not apply to the extent that it would<br />
+	conflict with common law or statutory privileges, such as legal professional privilege.] ]<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.5: PROVISIONAL MEASURES<br />
+	[X.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities shall have the authority, at<br />
+	the request of the applicant, to issue an interlocutory injunction intended to prevent any<br />
+	imminent infringement of an intellectual property right [copyright or related rights or<br />
+	trademark]. An interlocutory injunction may also be issued, under the same conditions,<br />
+	against an [infringing] intermediary whose services are being used by a third party to<br />
+	infringe an intellectual property right. Each Party shall also provide that provisional<br />
+	measures may be issued, even before the commencement of proceedings on the merits,<br />
+	to preserve relevant evidence in respect of the alleged infringement. Such measures may<br />
+	include inter alia the detailed description, the taking of samples or the physical seizure<br />
+	of documents or of the infringing goods.]<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall [provide][ensure] that its judicial authorities [shall ]act<br />
+	[expeditiously][ on requests] for provisional measures inaudita altera parte, and shall<br />
+	endeavor to make a decision[ on such requests] without undue delay, except in<br />
+	exceptional cases.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [In civil judicial proceedings concerning copyright or related rights infringement<br />
+	and trademark counterfeiting 18 ], each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities<br />
+	shall have the authority to order the seizure or other taking into custody of suspected<br />
+	infringing goods, materials, and implements relevant to the act of infringement [and, at<br />
+	least for trademark counterfeiting, documentary evidence relevant to the infringement].<br />
+	[3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide that its [judicial][competent] authorities have the<br />
+	authority to require the plaintiff, with respect to provisional measures, to provide any<br />
+	reasonably available evidence in order to satisfy themselves with a sufficient degree of<br />
+	17<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [Negotiators Note: Study moving this clause to General Provisions section]<br />
+	18<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation raises issue of scope of this provision.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9<br />
+	certainty that the plaintiff&rsquo;s right is being infringed or that such infringement is<br />
+	imminent, and to order the plaintiff to provide a reasonable security or equivalent<br />
+	assurance [set at a level sufficient] to protect the defendant [, ensuring compensation for<br />
+	any prejudice suffered when the measure is revoked or lapses due to any reason, ]and to<br />
+	prevent abuse. [Such security or equivalent assurance shall not unreasonably deter<br />
+	recourse to such procedures].<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Section 2: Border Measures 19 [ 20 ] [ 21 ]<br />
+	[ARTICLE 2.X: SCOPE OF THE BORDER MEASURES<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This section sets out the conditions for action by the competent authorities when<br />
+	goods are suspected of infringing intellectual property rights, within the meaning of this<br />
+	agreement, when they are imported, exported, in-transit or in other situations where the<br />
+	goods are under customs supervision.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For the purposes of this section, &ldquo;goods infringing an intellectual property right&rdquo;<br />
+	means goods infringing any of the intellectual property rights covered by TRIPS 22 .<br />
+	However, Parties may decide to exclude from the scope of this section, certain rights<br />
+	other than trade marks, copyrights and GIs when [not protected exclusively by<br />
+	copyright and trade mark systems and] [protected by [non-product- or sector-specific]<br />
+	[registration] sui generis systems.]<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Parties shall provide for the provisions related to border measures to be applied<br />
+	[at least ]in cases of trade mark counterfeiting and copyright piracy. [Parties may<br />
+	provide for such provisions to be applied in other cases of infringement of intellectual<br />
+	property rights.]]<br />
+	19<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Where a Party has dismantled substantially all controls over movement of goods across its border with<br />
+	another Party with which it forms part of a customs union, it shall not be required to apply the provisions<br />
+	of this Section at that border.<br />
+	[20 Each Party shall implement the obligations in respect of importation and exportation set out in this<br />
+	Section so as to be applied to shipments of goods consigned to {a local party/a party in the territory} but<br />
+	destined for outside the territory of the Party].<br />
+	21<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; No Party shall be obliged to apply this section to any goods that do not infringe an intellectual property<br />
+	right held within the territory of that Party]. [Negotiator&rsquo;s note: Study moving to General Provisions<br />
+	section.]<br />
+	[22 The provisions of this section shall also apply to confusingly similar trademark goods [ , which means<br />
+	any goods, including packaging, bearing without authorization a trademark that is similar to the<br />
+	trademark validly registered in respect of such or similar goods where there exists a likelihood of<br />
+	confusion on the part of the public between the trademark borne and the trademark validly registered, and<br />
+	that thereby infringes the rights of the owner of the trademark in question under the law of the country in<br />
+	which the procedures set out in this Section are invoked.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.X: DE MINIMIS PROVISION<br />
+	Parties may exclude from the application of this Section small quantities of goods of a<br />
+	non-commercial nature contained in travelers&rsquo; personal luggage [or sent in small<br />
+	consignments.]<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.X: PROVISION OF INFORMATION FROM THE RIGHT HOLDER<br />
+	Each Party shall permit the competent authorities to request a right holder to supply<br />
+	relevant information to assist the competent authorities in taking border measures<br />
+	provided for under this Section. Each Party may also allow a right holder to supply<br />
+	relevant information to the competent authorities.<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.6: APPLICATION BY RIGHT HOLDER<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	1. Each Party shall provide procedures for import [and in-transit23 ] shipments and [may]<br />
+	[shall] provide procedures for export shipments, by which right holders may request the<br />
+	competent authorities to suspend release 24 of suspected counterfeit trademark goods 25<br />
+	and suspected pirated copyright goods 26 [goods suspected of infringing an intellectual<br />
+	property right]into free circulation.<br />
+	23<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; For the purposes of this Section, in-transit goods means goods under &ldquo;Customs transit&rdquo; and under<br />
+	&ldquo;transhipment&rdquo;. &ldquo;Customs transit&rdquo; means the Customs procedure under which goods are transported<br />
+	under Customs control from one Customs office to another. &ldquo;Transhipment&rdquo; means the Customs<br />
+	procedure under which goods are transferred under Customs control from the importing means of<br />
+	transport to the exporting means of transport within the area of one Customs office which is the office of<br />
+	both importation and exportation.]<br />
+	[24For the purpose of this Section, where the competent authorities suspend the release of suspected<br />
+	counterfeit trademark or pirated copyright goods, the authorities shall not permit the goods to be released<br />
+	into free circulation, exported, or subject to other customs procedures, except in exceptional<br />
+	circumstances.]<br />
+	25<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For purposes of this Section, counterfeit trademark goods means any goods, including packaging,<br />
+	bearing without authorization a trademark that is identical to the trademark validly registered in respect of<br />
+	such goods, or that cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects from such a trademark, and that thereby<br />
+	infringes the rights of the owner of the trademark in question under the law of the country in which the<br />
+	procedures set out in this Section are invoked.<br />
+	[It is to be understood that there shall be no obligation to apply such procedures to imports of goods put<br />
+	on the market in another country by or with the consent of the right holder.]<br />
+	26<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For purposes of this Section, pirated copyright goods means any goods that are copies made without<br />
+	the consent of the right holder or person duly authorized by the right holder in the country of production<br />
+	and that are made directly or indirectly from an article where the making of that copy would have<br />
+	constituted an infringement of a copyright or a related right under the law of the country in which the<br />
+	procedures set out in this Section are invoked.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 11<br />
+	Option 2<br />
+	[1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide procedures by which right holders may request the<br />
+	competent authorities to suspend the release of goods suspected of infringing<br />
+	intellectual property rights.]<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The competent authorities shall require a right holder requesting the procedures<br />
+	described in paragraph 1 to provide adequate evidence to satisfy themselves that, under<br />
+	the laws of the Party providing the procedures, there is prima facie an infringement of<br />
+	the right holder&#39;s intellectual property right and to supply sufficient information that<br />
+	may reasonably be expected to be within the right holder&rsquo;s knowledge to make the<br />
+	suspected infringing goods reasonably recognizable by the competent authorities. The<br />
+	requirement to provide sufficient information shall not unreasonably deter recourse to<br />
+	the procedures described in paragraph 1.<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide for applications to suspend the release of suspected<br />
+	infringing goods that apply to all goods 27 under customs control in its territory and<br />
+	remain applicable to multiple [or in the alternative specified] shipments. Each Party<br />
+	may provide that, at the request of the right holder, the application to suspend the<br />
+	release of goods may apply to selected points of entry and exit under customs control.<br />
+	These applications for suspension shall remain applicable for a period of not less than<br />
+	[one year][or sixty days] from the date of application, or the period of protection of the<br />
+	relevant intellectual property rights under the laws of the Party providing border<br />
+	measures under this Section, whichever is shorter. Each Party may permit a right holder<br />
+	to specify that an application to suspend remain applicable for a period of less than [one<br />
+	year][or sixty days].<br />
+	4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The competent authorities shall inform the applicant within a reasonable period<br />
+	whether they have accepted the application. Where the competent authorities have<br />
+	accepted the application, they shall also make known to the applicant the period of<br />
+	validity of the application.<br />
+	5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party may provide, where the applicant has abused the process, or where<br />
+	there is due cause, that an application may be denied, suspended, or voided.<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.7: EX-OFFICIO ACTION<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party [may] [shall] provide that its customs authorities may act upon their<br />
+	own initiative, to suspend the release of suspected counterfeit trademark goods or<br />
+	suspected pirated copyright goods with respect to imported, [exported] [, or in-transit]<br />
+	goods including suspected counterfeit trademark goods or suspected pirated copyright<br />
+	goods admitted to, withdrawn from, or located in free trade zones [goods suspected of<br />
+	infringing an intellectual property right]. [Each Party [may][shall endeavor to] provide<br />
+	27<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Whether this applies to imports, exports and/or in transit goods depends on paragraph 1.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 12<br />
+	its customs authorities the same authority as the foregoing provision of this Article in<br />
+	respect of [exported and] in-transit goods that are [suspected counterfeit trademark<br />
+	goods or suspected pirated copyright goods.]<br />
+	Option 2<br />
+	[1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities may act upon their own<br />
+	initiative, to suspend the release of goods suspected of infringing an intellectual<br />
+	property right.]<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Each Party may also provide that its customs authorities may act, upon their<br />
+	own initiative, to suspend the release of goods suspected of infringing other intellectual<br />
+	property rights [, not covered by this section].]<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.X:<br />
+	[As an alternative to procedures in Article 2.6.1 and 2.7.1 relating to export or in-transit<br />
+	shipments, each Party shall provide that where shipments are exported from that Party,<br />
+	or shipments are in-transit through that Party, it shall cooperate to provide all available<br />
+	information to the destination Party, upon request of the destination Party, to enable<br />
+	effective enforcement against shipments of infringing 28 goods.]<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.9: SECURITY OR EQUIVALENT ASSURANCE<br />
+	Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities shall have the authority to require<br />
+	a right holder requesting procedures described under Article 2.6 to provide a reasonable<br />
+	security or equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and the competent<br />
+	authorities and to prevent abuse. Each Party shall provide that such security or<br />
+	equivalent assurance shall not unreasonably deter recourse to these procedures. Each<br />
+	Party may provide that such security may be in the form of a bond conditioned to hold<br />
+	the defendant harmless from any loss or damage resulting from any suspension of the<br />
+	release of the goods in the event the competent authorities determine that the good [is<br />
+	not a counterfeit trademark good or a pirated copyright good] [does not infringe<br />
+	intellectual property rights covered by this section]. Only in exceptional circumstances<br />
+	[or pursuant to a judicial order] may a Party permit a defendant to post a bond or other<br />
+	security to obtain possession of suspected counterfeit trademark goods or suspected<br />
+	pirated copyright goods.<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.10: DETERMINATION AS TO INFRINGEMENT<br />
+	Each Party shall adopt or maintain a procedure by which competent authorities may<br />
+	determine, within a reasonable period of time after the initiation of the procedures<br />
+	described under Article 2.X or 2.X, whether the suspected infringing goods infringe an<br />
+	intellectual property right 29 .<br />
+	28<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Subject to scope.<br />
+	29<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Subject to scope.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 13<br />
+	&nbsp;ARTICLE 2.11: REMEDIES<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide its competent authorities with the authority to order the<br />
+	destruction of goods following a determination under Article 2.10 that the goods are<br />
+	infringing 30 . [In cases where such goods are not destroyed, each Party shall ensure such<br />
+	goods are disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to avoid<br />
+	any harm to the right holder.] [or that they be disposed of outside the channels of<br />
+	commerce in such a way as to preclude injury to the right holder, except in exceptional<br />
+	circumstances.]<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In regard to counterfeit trademark goods, the simple removal of the trademark<br />
+	unlawfully affixed shall not be sufficient, other than in exceptional cases, to permit the<br />
+	release of goods into the channels of commerce.<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party may provide its competent authorities with the authority to impose<br />
+	administrative penalties following a determination under Article 2.10 that the goods are<br />
+	infringing.<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.12: FEES 31<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide that any application fee, storage fee, or destruction fee<br />
+	to be assessed by competent authorities in connection with procedures described in this<br />
+	Section shall not be used to unreasonably deter recourse to these procedures.<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.13: DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION<br />
+	Without prejudice to a Party&rsquo;s laws pertaining to the privacy or confidentiality of<br />
+	information:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party may authorize its competent authorities to provide right<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; holders with information about specific shipments of goods, including<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the description and quantity, to assist in the detection of infringing<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; goods;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party may authorize its competent authorities to provide right<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; holders with information about goods including, but not limited to, the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; description and quantity of the goods and the name and address of the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; consignor, importer, exporter or consignee, and, if known, the country of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; origin and name and address of the manufacturer of the goods to assist in<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the determination under Article 2.10 of whether goods infringe rights<br />
+	30<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Subject to scope.<br />
+	31<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation may come back with a possible additional paragraph for Article 2,12, depending<br />
+	upon the progress of discussion in the Civil Enforcement Section.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 14<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; covered by this Section;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unless a Party has granted authority under subparagraph (b), at least in<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the case of imported goods, where competent authorities have seized or,<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in the alternative, made a determination under Article 2.10 that goods<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; infringe rights covered by the section, each Party shall authorize its<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; competent authorities to provide right holders within 30 days 32 of seizure<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; or determination, with information about goods including, but not limited<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to, the description and quantity of the goods and the name and address of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the consignor, importer, exporter, or consignee, and, if known, the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; country of origin and name and address of the manufacturer of the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; goods. 33<br />
+	[Article 2.X: LIABILITY OF THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES<br />
+	[1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With respect to the border measures covered by this Section, each Party shall<br />
+	provide measures concerning the liability of competent authorities in the execution of<br />
+	their duties.]<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The acceptance of an application on its own shall not entitle the right-holder<br />
+	to compensation in the event that goods infringing an intellectual property right<br />
+	[copyright, related rights and trademarks]are not detected by [competent authorities]a<br />
+	customs office and are released or no action is taken to detain them.<br />
+	Option 2<br />
+	[2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party may limit remedies sought by a right holder or other persons<br />
+	against a Party&rsquo;s competent authorities as a result of mere acceptance of an<br />
+	application under Article 2.[6], where the competent authorities release, or fail to<br />
+	detect, detain, or take action against or in connection with, goods that may infringe<br />
+	[IPR] covered by this Section.]<br />
+	[3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The competent authorities shall not be liable towards the persons involved in<br />
+	the situations referred to in Article 2.6 for damages suffered by them as a result of the<br />
+	authority&rsquo;s intervention, except where provided for by the law of the Party in which<br />
+	the application is made or in which the loss or damage is incurred.]]<br />
+	32<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; For purposes of the Article, &ldquo;days&rdquo; shall mean &ldquo;business days&rdquo;.<br />
+	33<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Subject to agreement by at least one delegation.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Section 3: Criminal Enforcement 34<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.14: CRIMINAL OFFENSES<br />
+	1. 35&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied at<br />
+	least in cases of willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright or related rights piracy on<br />
+	a commercial scale. 36 Willful copyright or related rights piracy on a commercial scale<br />
+	includes:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; significant willful copyright or related rights infringements that have no<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; direct or indirect motivation of financial gain; and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; willful copyright or related rights infringements for purposes of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; commercial advantage or financial gain. 37 ]<br />
+	[2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied in<br />
+	cases of [willful], [unauthorized] [importation] and [or] [domestic] [trafficking]<br />
+	[conducted] [use in the course of trade] [on a commercial scale] of labels [or<br />
+	packaging],<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to which a mark has been applied [without consent of the right holder]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; which is identical to or cannot be distinguished [in its essential aspects]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; from a trademark registered in [its territory] [the Party in respect of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; certain goods or services], and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; which are intended to be used [by the importer or user or, by a third party<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; with the knowledge of the importer or user, for willful trademark<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; counterfeiting] [on [either] the goods or [in relation to] services [for<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; which is registered] [which are identical to goods or services for which<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the trademark is registered.]<br />
+	[3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied [in<br />
+	34<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Negotiator&rsquo;s Note: Definitions of &ldquo;counterfeit trademark goods&rdquo; and &ldquo;pirated copyright goods&rdquo;<br />
+	provided for in footnotes 12 and 13 of Section 2 (Border Measures) should be used as context for this<br />
+	Section.<br />
+	35<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; This provision is under internal examination by at least one delegation. Subparagraphs (a) and (b) are<br />
+	still under examination by at least one delegation. At least one is still considering paragraphs 1 and 2.<br />
+	36<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall treat willful importation [or exportation] of counterfeit trademark goods or pirated<br />
+	copyright goods on a commercial scale [in accordance with its laws and regulations,] as unlawful<br />
+	activities subject to criminal penalties under this Article. A Party may comply with its obligation relating<br />
+	to [exportation] of pirated copyright or counterfeit trademark goods through its measures concerning<br />
+	distribution.<br />
+	37<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; For purposes of this Section, financial gain includes the receipt or expectation of receipt of anything of<br />
+	value.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 16<br />
+	accordance with its laws and regulations,] against any person who, without<br />
+	authorization of the holder of copyright [or related rights] [or the theatre manager] in a<br />
+	[motion picture or other audiovisual work], [cinematographic work] [knowingly] [uses<br />
+	an audiovisual recording device to transmit or make] [makes] a copy of [, or transmits<br />
+	to the public] the motion picture or other audiovisual work, or any part thereof, from a<br />
+	performance of the motion picture or other audiovisual work in a motion picture<br />
+	exhibition facility open to the public.] 38<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.15: [CRIMINAL] LIABILITY AND PENALTIES [AND SANCTIONS]<br />
+	[1. Liability of Legal Persons<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary, consistent<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; with its legal principles, to establish the liability of legal persons for the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; offences referred to in Article 2.14.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Subject to the legal principles of the Party, the liability of legal persons<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; may be criminal or non-criminal.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; natural persons who have committed the criminal offences.]<br />
+	[2. Inciting, Aiding and Abetting<br />
+	The provisions of this section shall apply to [inciting,] aiding and abetting the offences<br />
+	referred to in Article 2.14.]] 39<br />
+	[3. Penalties and Sanctions]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [(a)]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For the [ offences] crimes referred to in [Article 2.14] [Article 2.14.1],<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; each Party shall provide [effective, proportionate and dissuasive]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; penalties 40 [. The available penalties shall] that include imprisonment [as<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; well as] [and] monetary fines 41 [sufficiently high to provide a deterrent<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to future acts of infringement, with a view to removing the monetary<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; incentive of the infringer].<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For legal persons held liable under Article 2.15.1, each Party shall<br />
+	38<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation has asked for the deletion of paragraph 3.<br />
+	39<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation opposes paragraph 2, &lsquo;Inciting, Aiding and Abetting&rsquo;.<br />
+	40<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [It is understood that there is no obligation to provide penalties of imprisonment against legal persons<br />
+	for the crimes set forth in Article 2.14.].<br />
+	41<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [Negotiator&rsquo;s note: [It is understood that there is no obligation for a Party to impose both imprisonment<br />
+	and monetary fines in parallel] [This does not imply an obligation for a Party to provide for the courts a<br />
+	possibility to impose both penalties in parallel.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 17<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; provide for effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions, including<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; monetary sanctions.]<br />
+	[ARTICLE 2.16. SEIZURE, FORFEITURE[/CONFISCATION] AND DESTRUCTION<br />
+	[1. Seizure]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In case of an offence referred to in Article 2.14 [.1], each Party shall<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; provide that its competent authorities shall have the authority to order<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [authorise] [at least for serious offences] the seizure of suspected<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright [or related rights]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; goods, any related materials and implements used in the commission of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the alleged offence, documentary evidence relevant to the alleged<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; offence and any assets derived from, or obtained directly or indirectly<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; through the infringing activity [ 42 ].<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall, if a prerequisite for such an order, according to its<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; national law, is the identification of the items, ensure that the order need<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; not determine the items that are subject to seizure in more detail than<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; necessary to allow their identification for the purpose of the seizure.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Each Party shall provide that such orders need not individually identify<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the items that are subject to seizure, so long as they fall within specified<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; categories in the relevant order.]<br />
+	[2. Forfeiture/Confiscation and Destruction]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For the offences referred to in Article 2.14[.1], each Party shall provide<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; that its competent authorities shall have the authority to order<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [confiscation/][forfeiture 43 [and/]or] destruction [where appropriate] of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; all counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright [or related right]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; goods, of materials and implements [predominantly] used in the creation<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; of counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods [or related<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; rights goods], and [at least for serious offences] [forfeiture to the State]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; of the [any] assets derived from, or obtained directly or indirectly,<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; through the infringing activity.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall [provide that its competent authorities shall have the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; authority to] ensure that the counterfeit trademark goods and pirated<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; copyright [or related rights] goods that have been [confiscated/] forfeited<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [to the state] under this subparagraph shall, if not destroyed, be disposed<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; of outside the channels of commerce, [under the condition that the goods<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; are not dangerous for the health and security of persons.] [in such a<br />
+	42<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party may provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to order [fines or] the seizure of<br />
+	assets the value of which corresponds to that of such assets derived from or obtained, directly or<br />
+	indirectly, through the infringing activity.<br />
+	43<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation to propose wording to clarify whether forfeiture to right holder or to state.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; manner as to avoid any harm caused to the right holder.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall further ensure that [confiscation/]forfeiture and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; destruction under this subparagraph shall occur without compensation of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; any kind to the defendant.<br />
+	(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party may provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; order the confiscation/ forfeiture [to the state] of assets the value of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; which corresponds to that of such assets derived from or obtained<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; directly or indirectly through the infringing activity.<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.17: EX OFFICIO CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT<br />
+	Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities may act upon their own initiative<br />
+	to initiate investigation [or] [and/or] legal action with respect to the [criminal] offenses<br />
+	described in [Article 2.14] [Sections 3 and 4.] [at least in cases of significant public<br />
+	interest, in accordance with national law.]<br />
+	[ARTICLE 2.X. RIGHTS OF THE DEFENDANT AND THIRD PARTIES<br />
+	Each Party shall ensure that the rights of the [defendants and] third parties shall be duly<br />
+	protected and guaranteed.] 44<br />
+	Section 4: [Special Measures Related to Technological Enforcement of Intellectual<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Property in the Digital Environment]<br />
+	ARTICLE 2.18 [ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT] 45<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall ensure that enforcement procedures, to the extent set forth in<br />
+	the civil and criminal enforcement sections of this Agreement, are available under its<br />
+	law so as to permit effective action against an act of [trademark, copyright or related<br />
+	rights][intellectual property rights] infringement which takes place [by means of the<br />
+	Internet][in the digital environment] , including expeditious remedies to prevent<br />
+	infringement and remedies which constitute a deterrent to further infringement.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Those measures, procedures and remedies shall also be fair and<br />
+	proportionate.] 46 *<br />
+	44<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation proposes that this provision be reflected in the General Provisions of the<br />
+	Agreement.<br />
+	45<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation reserves its right to revisit elements of this Section at a later date.<br />
+	46<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [See identical comment on the draft Chapter 2, Section 1 &ldquo;Civil Enforcement&rdquo; and Section 3 &ldquo;Criminal<br />
+	Enforcement&rdquo;. A suggestion is to move these provisions into Chapter 1, Section A which applies to the<br />
+	whole Agreement. Direct reference to TRIPS might also clarify the scope of these obligations.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 19<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Without prejudice to the rights, limitations, exceptions, or defenses to [[ patent,<br />
+	industrial design, trademark and][copyright or related rights]][intellectual property<br />
+	rights] infringement available under its law, including with respect to the issue of<br />
+	exhaustion of rights, each Party [confirms that] [shall provide for] [civil remedies as<br />
+	well as limitations, exceptions, or defenses with respect to the application of such<br />
+	remedies, are available in its legal system in cases of third party liability[ 47 ][or liability<br />
+	for those who authorize infringement, or both] for [[patent, industrial design, trademark<br />
+	and][copyright or related rights]][intellectual property rights] infringement. 48<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party recognizes that some persons 49 use the services of third parties,<br />
+	[ 3.<br />
+	including online service providers,[ 50 ] for engaging in [ patent, industrial design and<br />
+	trademark,] copyright or related rights infringement. Each Party also recognizes that<br />
+	legal uncertainty with respect to application of copyright and related rights, limitations,<br />
+	exceptions, and defenses in the digital environment may present barriers to the<br />
+	economic growth of, and opportunities in, electronic commerce.] 51 Accordingly, in<br />
+	order to facilitate the continued development of an industry engaged in providing<br />
+	information services online while also ensuring that measures to take adequate and<br />
+	effective action against copyright or related rights infringement are available and<br />
+	reasonable each Party [shall][ may]:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) provide limitations 52 on the scope of civil remedies available against an<br />
+	47<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [For greater certainty, the Parties understand that third party liability means liability for any person who<br />
+	authorizes for a direct financial benefit, induces through or by conduct directed to promoting<br />
+	infringement, or knowingly and materially aids any act of copyright or related rights infringement by<br />
+	another. Further, the Parties also understand that the application of third party liability may include<br />
+	consideration of exceptions or limitations to exclusive rights that are confined to certain special cases that<br />
+	do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work, performance or phonogram, and do not<br />
+	unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder, including fair use, fair dealing, or their<br />
+	equivalents.] At least one delegation opposes this footnote.<br />
+	48<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Negotiator&rsquo;s Note: This provision may be moved and located in the civil enforcement section.<br />
+	49<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Negotiator&rsquo;s Note: Definition of person still pending in General Provisions.<br />
+	50<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [For purposes of this Article, online service provider and provider mean a provider of online services<br />
+	or network access, or the operators of facilities therefore, and includes an entity offering the transmission,<br />
+	routing, or providing of connections for digital online communications, between or among points<br />
+	specified by a user, of material of the user&rsquo;s choosing, without modification to the content of the material<br />
+	as sent or received.]<br />
+	51<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation suggests moving the second and third sentences of paragraph 3. At least one<br />
+	delegation suggests moving the first and second sentences of paragraph 3.<br />
+	52<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; For greater certainty, the Parties understand that [these limitations are not intended to harmonize the<br />
+	liability of online service provider, but exclude liability in certain situations. Thus] the failure of an<br />
+	online service provider&rsquo;s conduct to qualify for a limitation of liability under its measures implementing<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 20<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; online service provider for infringing activities that occur by<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; automatic technical processes, and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the actions of the provider&rsquo;s users that are not directed or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; initiated by that provider and when the provider does not select<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the material, and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iii) the provider referring or linking users to an online location,<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; when, in cases of subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) 53 , the provider does not<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; have actual knowledge of the infringement and is not aware of facts or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; circumstances from which infringing activity is apparent; and ]<br />
+	Option 2<br />
+	[Each Party recognizes that some persons 54 use the services of third parties, including<br />
+	online service providers,[ 55 ] for engaging in intellectual property rights infringements.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) In this respect, each Party shall provide limitation on the [liability of] [ scope of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; civil remedies available against an] on-line service provider[s] for infringing<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; activities 56 that occur by 57<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; automatic technical processes [ that keep the provider from taking<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; measures to prevent the infringement], or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the actions of the provider ́s users that are not initiated nor<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; modified by that provided and when the provider does not select<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the material or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iii) the storage of information provided by the recipient of the service<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; or at the request of the recipient of the service,<br />
+	when exercising the activities as stipulated in paragraph 3(a)(ii) and/or (iii) the online<br />
+	service providers act [takes appropriate measures] expeditiously, in accordance with<br />
+	applicable law [s], [such as those] to remove or disable access to infringing material or<br />
+	infringing activity upon obtaining actual knowledge of the infringement [or the fact that<br />
+	this provision shall not bear adversely upon the consideration of a defense by the provider that the<br />
+	provider&rsquo;s conduct is not infringing or any other defense.<br />
+	53<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Clarify which conditions apply to which activities.<br />
+	54<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [Negotiator&rsquo;s Note: Definition of &ldquo;person&rdquo; still pending in General Provisions.]<br />
+	[55&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For purposes of this Article, online service provider and provider mean a provider of online<br />
+	services or network access, or the operators of facilities therefore, and includes an entity offering the<br />
+	transmission, routing, or providing of connections for digital online communications, between or among<br />
+	points specified by a user, of material of the user&rsquo;s choosing, without modification to the content of the<br />
+	material as sent or received.]<br />
+	[56 The activities covered in paragraph 3(a)(i) cover the mere conduit and the activities covered in<br />
+	paragraph 3(a)(ii) and (iii) cover respectively caching and hosting in accordance with parties legal<br />
+	systems.]<br />
+	57<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation proposes to redraft this sub-paragraph.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 21<br />
+	the information at the initial source has been removed or disabled.] [or having<br />
+	reasonable grounds to know that the infringement is occurring]]<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; condition the application of the provisions of subparagraph (a) on<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; meeting the following requirements:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; an online service provider adopting and reasonably<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; implementing a policy[ 58 ] to address the unauthorized storage or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; transmission of materials protected by copyright or related rights<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [ except that no Party may condition the limitations in<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; subparagraph (a) on the online service provider&rsquo;s monitoring its<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; services or affirmatively seeking facts indicating that infringing<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; activity is occurring]; and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; an online service provider expeditiously removing or disabling<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; access to material or [activity][alleged infringement], upon<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; receipt [of legally sufficient notice of alleged infringement,][of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; an order from a competent authority] and in the absence of a<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; legally sufficient response from the relevant subscriber of the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; online service provider indicating that the notice was the result<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; of mistake or misidentification.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; except that the provisions of (ii) shall not be applied to the extent that the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; online service provider is acting solely as a conduit for transmissions<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; through its system or network.]<br />
+	Option 2:<br />
+	[Paragraph 3(a) shall not affect the possibility for a judicial or administrative authority,<br />
+	in accordance with the Parties legal system, requiring the service provider to terminate<br />
+	or prevent an infringement, nor does it affect the possibility of the parties establishing<br />
+	procedures governing the removal or disabling of access to information<br />
+	The Parties shall not impose a general monitoring requirement on providers when acting<br />
+	in accordance with this paragraph 3.]<br />
+	[ 3 ter. Each Party shall enable right holders, who have given effective notification to<br />
+	an online service provider of materials that they claim with valid reasons to be<br />
+	infringing their copyright or related rights, to expeditiously obtain from that provider<br />
+	information on the identity of the relevant subscriber.<br />
+	58<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation proposes to include language in this footnote to provide greater certainty that<br />
+	their existing national law complies with this requirement.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22<br />
+	3 quater. Each Party shall promote the development of mutually supportive<br />
+	relationships between online service providers and right holders to deal effectively with<br />
+	patent, industrial design, trademark and copyright or related rights infringement which<br />
+	takes place by means of the Internet, including the encouragement of establishing<br />
+	guidelines for the actions which should be taken.]<br />
+	[4. 59 In order to provide adequate legal protection 60 and effective legal remedies<br />
+	against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by authors,<br />
+	[performers or producers of phonograms] [the right holder of any copyright or related<br />
+	rights or owner of an exclusive license 61 ] in connection with the exercise of their rights<br />
+	and that restrict unauthorized acts in respect of their works, [performances, and<br />
+	phonograms] [or other subject matters specified under Article 14 of the TRIPS<br />
+	Agreement], each Party shall provide for civil remedies, [or] [as well as] criminal<br />
+	penalties in appropriate cases of willful conduct [ 62 ] , that apply to:<br />
+	[Each Party shall provide for adequate legal protection63 and effective legal remedies, in<br />
+	the form of civil remedies or criminal penalties in appropriate cases of willful conduct,<br />
+	against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by authors,<br />
+	performers or producers or phonograms in connection with the exercise of their rights<br />
+	and that restrict unauthorized acts in respect of their works, performances, and<br />
+	phonogram. These shall apply to:]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the unauthorized circumvention of an effective technological measure 64<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [that controls access to a protected work, performance, or phonogram];<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the manufacture, importation, or circulation of a [technology], service,<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; device, product, [component, or part thereof, that is: [marketed] or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; primarily designed or produced for the purpose of circumventing an<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; effective technological measure; or that has only a limited commercially<br />
+	59<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation has reservations about several elements in paragraph 4.<br />
+	60<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation opposes inclusion of &lsquo;adequate legal protection&rsquo;.<br />
+	61<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation opposes inclusion of &lsquo;or owner of an exclusive license&rsquo;.<br />
+	62<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [For the purpose of this Article, willful conduct means actual knowledge or reasonable grounds to know<br />
+	that he or she is pursuing the objective of circumventing any effective technological measure.]<br />
+	63<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation opposes inclusion of &lsquo;adequate legal protection&rsquo;.<br />
+	64<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For the purposes of this Article, effective technological measure means any technology, device, or<br />
+	component that, in the normal course of its operation, [controls access to a protected work, performance,<br />
+	phonogram, or protects any copyright or any rights related to copyrights.][is controlled by the right<br />
+	holders through application of an access control or protection process such as encryption, scrambling, or<br />
+	other transformation of their works, performances or phonograms, or a copy control mechanism, which<br />
+	achieves the protection objective.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 23<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; significant purpose or use other than circumventing an effective<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; technological measure.]]<br />
+	[5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [4.2] Each Party shall provide [that a] [adequate legal protection against a]<br />
+	violation of a measure implementing paragraph (4) [is a separate civil or criminal<br />
+	offense,] independent of any infringement of copyright or related rights. 65 ] 66<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	[Further, [each Party may adopt exceptions and limitations to measures implementing<br />
+	paragraph 4 so long as they do not significantly impair the adequacy of legal protection<br />
+	of those measures or the effectiveness of legal remedies for violations of those<br />
+	measures.] 67<br />
+	Option 2<br />
+	[ 5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party may provide for measures which would safeguard the benefit of<br />
+	certain exceptions and limitations to copyright and related rights, in accordance with its<br />
+	legislation.]<br />
+	[6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [In order to] [Each Party shall] provide adequate and effective legal remedies to<br />
+	protect [ electronic] rights management information[, e]<br />
+	[ E]ach Party shall provide for civil remedies, [or] [as well as] criminal penalties] in<br />
+	appropriate cases of willful [ 68 ] conduct, that apply to any person performing [without<br />
+	authority] any of the following acts knowing [or with respect to civil remedies having<br />
+	reasonable grounds to know] that it will induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an<br />
+	infringement of any copyright or related right:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to remove or alter any [electronic] right management information69<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)<br />
+	65<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [The] [In accordance with the applicable national legislation, the] obligations in paragraphs (4) and (5)<br />
+	[are][may be] without prejudice to the rights, limitations, exceptions, or defenses to copyright or related<br />
+	rights infringement. Further, [in implementing paragraph (4), no Party may][paragraph (4) does not<br />
+	imply any obligation to] require that the design of, or the design and selection of parts and components<br />
+	for, a consumer electronics, telecommunications, or computing product provide for a response to any<br />
+	particular technological measure, so long as the product does not otherwise violate any measures<br />
+	implementing paragraph (4).<br />
+	66<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation is to reflect on appropriate location for this provision.<br />
+	67<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; Negotiator&rsquo;s Note: This provision is subject to broader government action/sovereign immunity<br />
+	provision elsewhere in the Agreement.<br />
+	68<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [For the purpose of this Article, willful conduct means knowingly performing without authority any of<br />
+	the following acts listed under subparagraph 6 (a) or (b), if such person knows or has reasonable grounds<br />
+	to know that by so doing he is inducing, enabling, facilitating, or concealing an infringement of any<br />
+	copyright or any rights related to copyright.]<br />
+	69<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; For purposes of this Article, [electronic] rights management information means:<br />
+	(a) information that identifies a work, [or other subject matters specified under Article 14 of the TRIPS<br />
+	Agreement] [performance, or phonogram]; the author [of the work, the performer of the performance, or<br />
+	the producer of the phonogram] [or any other right holders of the subject matters specified under Article<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 24<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to distribute, import for distribution, broadcast, communicate, or make<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; available to the public copies of works, [or other subject matters<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; specified under Article 14 of the TRIPS Agreement] [performances, or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; phonograms], knowing that [electronic]rights management information<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; has been removed or altered without authority.]<br />
+	[7.] [6.2]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party may adopt [limitations or] exceptions to the requirements of<br />
+	subparagraphs (a) and (b) [of paragraph (6)] [so long as they do not significantly impair<br />
+	the adequacy of legal protection or effectiveness of legal remedies for violations of<br />
+	those measures.]<br />
+	14 of the TRIPS Agreement]; or the owner of any right in the work, performance, or phonogram;<br />
+	(b) information about the terms and conditions of the use of the work, [performance, or phonogram] [or<br />
+	any other right holders of the subject matters specified under Article 14 of the TRIPS Agreement]; or<br />
+	(c) any numbers or codes that represent the information described in (a) or (b) above,when any of these<br />
+	items is attached to a copy of the work, [performance, or phonogram] [or other subject matters specified<br />
+	under Article 14 of the TRIPS Agreement] or appears in connection with the communicator or making<br />
+	available of a work, [performance, or phonogram] [or other subject matters specified under Article 14 of<br />
+	the TRIPS Agreement] to the public.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 25<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CHAPTER THREE<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION<br />
+	ARTICLE 3.1: INTERNATIONAL ENFORCEMENT COOPERATION<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party recognizes that international [enforcement] cooperation [is vital [ to<br />
+	realize [fully] effective protection of intellectual property rights] [ in order to deal with<br />
+	the increasingly global problem of the trade in counterfeit and pirated goods]] [plays an<br />
+	important role in the protection of copyright and trademark rights]and should be<br />
+	[undertaken] [encouraged] regardless of the origin of the infringing goods or the<br />
+	location [or nationality] of the right holder [of the intellectual property rights.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to combat [intellectual property right infringement, in particular,]<br />
+	trademark counterfeiting and copyright piracy, each Party shall promote [may, as it<br />
+	deems appropriate, ] cooperation [measures, where appropriate,] among the [relevant]<br />
+	competent authorities of the Parties [concerned with] [responsible for] enforcement of<br />
+	intellectual property rights. Such [cooperation includes][ measures may include]<br />
+	[cooperation shall include][may include] law enforcement cooperation with respect to<br />
+	criminal investigation or prosecution [concerning] [relating to] the offences covered by<br />
+	this Agreement and [border measures] [cooperation at the border], [which may be<br />
+	conducted bilaterally or multilaterally] Particular attention shall be devoted to the<br />
+	circulation of IPR infringing goods detrimental to the health and safety.]<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party [shall][ may], consistent with the [existing][domestic law and policy<br />
+	and the] [international agreements and arrangements to which such Party is a party],<br />
+	[conduct][ undertake] enforcement cooperation [foreseen] [activities as provided]<br />
+	[international cooperation as set out ] in this Chapter [,in line with the international<br />
+	agreements and arrangements to which such Party is a party.] [Each Party may also<br />
+	conduct enforcement cooperation or provide assistance to another Party pursuant to<br />
+	other international agreements, arrangements, and practices, and in accordance with its<br />
+	domestic law and policies.]<br />
+	[4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nothing in this Chapter and Chapter 4 shall require any Party to disclose<br />
+	confidential information which would be contrary to its laws, regulations, policies, legal<br />
+	practices and applicable international agreements and arrangements, including laws<br />
+	protecting investigative techniques, right of privacy or confidential information for law<br />
+	enforcement, or otherwise be contrary to public interest, or would prejudice the<br />
+	legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises, public or private.]<br />
+	[4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Parties understand that obligations under this Chapter and Chapter 4 are<br />
+	subject to the domestic laws, policies, resource allocation and law enforcement<br />
+	priorities of each Party.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 26<br />
+	ARTICLE 3.2: INFORMATION SHARING<br />
+	1. [In order to ensure effective enforcement of the provisions of this Agreement,] each<br />
+	Party [[shall][ may] promote sharing or exchanging] [may, as it deems appropriate,<br />
+	share or exchange ] with other Parties [of the following information ][ as appropriate<br />
+	and mutually agreed]:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp; information collected by the Party under provisions of Chapter 4,<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; including statistical data and information on best practices including<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; those relating to[risk analysis] [risk management]; and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; information on [the] development [and implementation] of legislative<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and regulatory measures [of the] [by the] Party [related to the protection<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and enforcement of intellectual property rights].<br />
+	For this purpose, the Parties shall endeavour to establish appropriate modalities<br />
+	including holding of periodical meetings.<br />
+	[Parties shall endeavor to establish an observatory as a tool for collecting information]<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall ensure, as appropriate and mutually agreed, [within the limits of<br />
+	[its] national legislation][ consistent with its domestic laws] , policies, [legal] practices,<br />
+	and applicable [existing] international agreements and arrangements, that its competent<br />
+	authorities have the [ability] [authority] to provide the competent authorities of any<br />
+	other [Parties][ Party], either on request or on its own initiative, with information<br />
+	[[necessary to ensure][ to facilitate][ to allow] a proper application of laws concerning<br />
+	enforcement of intellectual property rights and to prevent, investigate, [and repress acts<br />
+	of intellectual property right infringements][ or prosecute infringement of Intellectual<br />
+	property rights ] [related to the enforcement of intellectual property rights].<br />
+	ARTICLE 3.3: CAPACITY BUILDING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [In order to facilitate the implementation of this Agreement or the accession<br />
+	thereto,] [Developed country] Parties shall [endeavour to] provide, on request and on<br />
+	mutually agreed terms and conditions, assistance in capacity building and technical<br />
+	assistance[in improving enforcement of intellectual property rights,] [focused on<br />
+	initiatives to combat the trade in counterfeit and pirated goods] in favour of developing<br />
+	country Parties to this Agreement and [, where appropriate,] [for third countries ][for<br />
+	countries not a Party to this Agreement.][ Parties shall make all reasonable efforts to<br />
+	ensure that such capacity building and technical assistance are compatible and do not<br />
+	overlap with similar activities provided by international organizations active in the field<br />
+	of intellectual property.] [The provision of assistance under this Article and Articles<br />
+	3.3.2 and 3.3.3 is subject to the availability of resources on the part of the donor Party.]<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For the purpose of paragraph 1, [developed country]Parties shall [, at the request<br />
+	of developing country Parties and on mutually agreed terms and conditions, ] work<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 27<br />
+	closely with [developing country] [other]Parties [and, where appropriate, countries not a<br />
+	Party to this Agreement or separate customs territories,] [to enact] [implement and to ]<br />
+	or strengthen their [domestic] [ national] legislation, as appropriate, and assist them in<br />
+	improving their national intellectual property law enforcement capacities through<br />
+	sharing best practices concerning intellectual property law enforcement and providing<br />
+	relevant technical training for enforcement officials.<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[Developed country][Developed and developing country] Parties] [Each Party]<br />
+	may undertake the obligations under this Article in conjunction with relevant private<br />
+	sector or international organizations.<br />
+	[4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parties shall put in place a special allocation Fund to finance ACTA initiatives on<br />
+	capacity building and technical assistance]<br />
+	[5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parties shall, in the implementation and administration of this Agreement, take into<br />
+	account developing countries needs in the field of financing and technical assistance. In<br />
+	this respect, States Parties to the Agreement agree:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To support, developing countries efforts, for the implementation of the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Agreement and the integration of anti-counterfeiting and anti-hacking<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; actions in national development strategies. This assistance shall be<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; designed to help developing countries to harmonize their laws, to carry<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; out their obligations and to exercise their rights as Members.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To ensure predictable and sustainable financing.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To promote coordination of technical assistance activities with the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bilateral donors, WTO Secretariat, WIPO as well as with other relevant<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; international intergovernmental institutions.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; States Parties shall review annually the implementation of this Article].<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)<br />
+	[5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; State parties shall endeavour to provide technical assistance in the following<br />
+	areas:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Promoting the culture of intellectual property.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Training professionals in charge of the protection of the rightholders<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; involved in the protection of intellectual Property.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Capacity building and experience sharing among institutions in charge of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; fighting counterfeiting and piracy.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tools for measuring the economic impact of counterfeiting on the market<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and evaluating the anti counterfeiting and anti-hacking actions.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 28<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (e)&nbsp;&nbsp; Conducting joint operations at the regional and international levels.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (f)&nbsp;&nbsp; Enforcement of laws regarding fighting counterfeiting and piracy trough<br />
+	the Internet.<br />
+	Technical assistance shall be extended to all other types of actions facilitating the<br />
+	implementation and the applicability of the ACTA Agreement].<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 29<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CHAPTER FOUR<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES<br />
+	ARTICLE 4.1: ENFORCEMENT EXPERTISE, INFORMATION AND DOMESTIC COORDINATION<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall [[facilitate] [ encourage][as it deems appropriate foster the]<br />
+	development of] [develop] specialized expertise [of][in its] competent authorities<br />
+	concerned with enforcement of [intellectual property rights] [copyright and trademark<br />
+	rights] , in order to [ensure] [promote] effective enforcement of [intellectual property<br />
+	rights] [copyright and trademark rights] [One means of implementation is through<br />
+	specialized law enforcement authorities for the investigation and prosecution of cases<br />
+	concerning the infringement of intellectual property rights.]<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall [promote collection and analysis of] [endeavor to collect]<br />
+	statistical data and other [relevant] information [, which such Party determines is useful<br />
+	and relevant,] [concerning infringement of intellectual property rights [ within its<br />
+	territory], especially] trade in counterfeit trademark goods and pirated copyright goods.<br />
+	Each Party shall [further] promote collection of information on best practices to prevent<br />
+	and combat [intellectual property right infringement] [trademark counterfeiting and<br />
+	copyright piracy].<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall [, as it deems appropriate,] [, as appropriate,] [endeavour to<br />
+	enhance] [promote] internal coordination among, [and facilitate joint actions by], [such<br />
+	Party&rsquo;s] [the] competent authorities [concerned with ][ responsible for] enforcement of<br />
+	intellectual property rights [through an appropriate coordinating [ body][ bodies] or<br />
+	other relevant mechanisms]<br />
+	4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [In order to promote effective enforcement of intellectual property rights,] each<br />
+	Party shall [, as it deems appropriate,] [endeavour to encourage][ promote] [the]<br />
+	establishment and maintenance of formal or informal mechanisms, [as appropriate,]<br />
+	such as public and/or private advisory groups, whereby competent authorities may hear<br />
+	[the views of] right holders and other relevant stakeholders [where appropriate] [foster<br />
+	dialogue and information exchanges with shareholders in its territory] .<br />
+	ARTICLE 4.2: MANAGEMENT OF RISK AT BORDER 70<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall adopt and maintain appropriate measures that facilitate<br />
+	activities of custom authorities for better identifying and targeting for inspection at its<br />
+	border, shipments [that [could] contain] [which are suspected to contain] [counterfeit<br />
+	trademark goods or pirated copyright goods] [goods infringing intellectual property<br />
+	rights.] Such activities may include,[ subject to paragraph 2 of Article 3.2] [clause in<br />
+	article 3.4. is applicable]:<br />
+	70<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [Article 4.2 should be reviewed in relation to other proposal on Chapter 2 regarding Information<br />
+	Exchange between Customs Authorities.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 30<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp; contact with relevant stakeholders and with relevant authorities to<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; identify and address risks;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp; exchanging available data with custom authorities of other Parties<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; regarding significant seizures of [counterfeit and pirated] [infringing]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; goods by customs, wherever possible; and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp; sharing information with custom authorities of other Parties on<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; approaches that are developed to provide greater effectiveness in<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; targeting shipments that could contain [counterfeit and pirated]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [infringing] goods.<br />
+	[2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To better identify and target shipments for inspection that are suspected to<br />
+	contain counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods, each Party may:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; consult with relevant stakeholders and with competent authorities<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; responsible for intellectual property rights enforcement to identify and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; address significant risks and promote actions to mitigate those risks;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; when appropriate, exchange data with border authorities of other Parties;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; share information with border authorities of other Parties on approaches<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; that are developed to provide greater effectiveness in the border<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; enforcement of intellectual property rights, including approaches for<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; targeting shipments that could contain counterfeit and pirated goods.<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities may conduct audits of an<br />
+	importer&rsquo;s business records, including methods of payment and purchase contracts, as<br />
+	well as its internal controls to track illicit financial gains and expose business practices<br />
+	related to trademark counterfeiting and copyright piracy.]<br />
+	ARTICLE 4.3: TRANSPARENCY/PUBLICATION OF ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES AND<br />
+	PRACTICES<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	[1. For the purpose of [further] promoting transparency in the administration of [the]<br />
+	intellectual property right enforcement system, each Party shall take appropriate<br />
+	measures [pursuant to domestic laws and policies,] [available] to publish or make<br />
+	available to the public information [within a reasonable period of time] on:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) procedures [available] regarding the enforcement of intellectual property<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; rights including competent authorities for enforcement of intellectual<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; property rights and contact points for assistance to right holders;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; relevant laws, regulations, [final judicial decisions ] and administrative<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; rulings of general application pertaining to enforcement of intellectual<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 31<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; property rights;]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; applications [forms]for the suspension by the competent authorities of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the release of goods [infringing intellectual property right] [suspected<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; counterfeit and pirated goods ] as a border measure;] and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; its efforts to ensure effective enforcement of intellectual property rights<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and [an effective][intellectual property protection system] including any<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; statistical data that the Party may collect.]<br />
+	Option 2<br />
+	[1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For the purpose of promoting transparency in the administration of its<br />
+	intellectual property rights enforcement system, each Party shall:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; provide that final judicial decisions or administrative rulings of general<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; applicability pertaining to the enforcement of intellectual property rights<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; shall be in writing and shall state any relevant findings of fact and the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; reasoning or the legal basis upon which the decisions are based. Each<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Party shall also provide that such decisions or rulings shall be<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; published 71, or otherwise made publicly available, in a national language<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in such a manner as to enable governments and interested persons to<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; become acquainted with them.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; identify in a manner readily available to the public, the competent<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; authorities for intellectual property enforcement and contact points where<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; right holders may seek assistance;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [publish applications for the suspension by the competent authorities of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the release of suspected counterfeit and pirated goods as a border<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; measure;] and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; publicize information on its efforts to ensure effective enforcement of<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; intellectual property rights in its domestic intellectual property rights<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; system, including any statistical information that the Party may collect<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for such purposes. 72 ]<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	[2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nothing in this [Chapter and Chapter 3][ Agreement] shall require any Party to<br />
+	disclose {confidential} information which would impede the enforcement of its laws<br />
+	and regulations, including laws protecting investigative techniques, right of privacy or<br />
+	71<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [For greater certainty, a Party may satisfy the requirement in [Article 5.3] to publish a measure by<br />
+	making it available to the public on the Internet.]<br />
+	72<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; [For greater certainty, nothing in [this sub-paragraph] is intended to prescribe the type, format, and<br />
+	method of publication of the information a Party must publicize.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32<br />
+	confidential information for law enforcement, or otherwise be contrary to [its domestic<br />
+	laws or policy, or] the public interest, or would prejudice the legitimate commercial<br />
+	interests of particular enterprises, public or private.<br />
+	Option 2<br />
+	[2. Nothing in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall require Members to disclose personal<br />
+	information, or confidential information which would impede law enforcement or<br />
+	otherwise be contrary to the public interest or could prejudice the legitimate commercial<br />
+	interests of particular enterprises, public or private.]<br />
+	&nbsp;[3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In civil legal proceedings instituted for infringement of an intellectual property<br />
+	right, the judicial authorities may order, at the request of the applicant and at the<br />
+	expense of the infringer, appropriate measures for the dissemination of the information<br />
+	concerning the decision, including displaying the decision and publishing it in full or in<br />
+	part. Parties may apply this provision to other judicial and administrative proceedings.]<br />
+	ARTICLE 4.4: PUBLIC AWARENESS<br />
+	Each Party shall [take [necessary] [such][appropriate]] [promote the adoption of<br />
+	appropriate] measures [as it deems appropriate] to enhance] [will promote] [including<br />
+	educational projects, designed to raise] public awareness of the importance of [the<br />
+	protection of ][ protecting] intellectual property rights and the detrimental effects of<br />
+	intellectual property right infringement, including educational [and dissemination]<br />
+	projects. [Such measures may include joint initiatives with the private sector.]<br />
+	[ARTICLE 4.5: DESTRUCTION OF INFRINGING GOODS<br />
+	In cases where confiscated goods found to be infringing intellectual property rights are<br />
+	to be destroyed, Parties shall endeavour to take environmental concerns into account<br />
+	when deciding on the destruction method. ]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 33<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CHAPTER FIVE<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 73<br />
+	ARTICLE 5.1: THE [OVERSIGHT] [STEERING] [COMMITTEE]<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [Contracting] Parties [hereby establish][ [shall have a] the<br />
+	[Oversight][ACTA] [Steering] Committee, comprising [[representatives of] [each of]<br />
+	the Parties] [one delegate from each Party who may be assisted by alternative delegates,<br />
+	advisors and experts.]<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Committee shall:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; supervise the implementation of this Agreement; [including a periodic<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; mutual evaluation process of the implementation of the Agreement by<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the parties, according to the principles of equal treatment and a fair<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; hearing.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [oversee [its][the] [the Agreement&rsquo;s] further elaboration [or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; development?] [of this Agreement], [deal with matters concerning the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; amendment and development of this Agreement] while ensuring that<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; such[elaboration][ development]does not duplicate other international<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; efforts regarding the enforcement of intellectual property rights;<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[resolve][facilitate the avoidance of] disputes that may arise regarding<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [its][the] interpretation or application[ 74 ] [of this Agreement]; ]and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; consider any other matter that may affect the operation of this<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Agreement.<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Committee may:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [establish,] [and delegate [tasks] tasks/responsibilities] to, ad hoc or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; standing committees working groups or [Government] experts<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; groups;][to assist the Committee in accomplishing its tasks;][a Task-<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Force to undertake the monitoring and the evaluation of the Agreement,<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; namely by reviewing the implementation of Parties&#39; obligations, as<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; defined in Article 5.1.2.a) and assisting candidate countries to join the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Agreement. This Task-Force should consist of experts appointed by the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parties and agreed upon by the Oversight Committee;]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; seek the advice of non-governmental persons or groups [from the State<br />
+	73<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation reserves its right to revisit elements of this chapter at a later date.<br />
+	74<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; The application of this provision shall not conflict with the rules and implementation of the Dispute<br />
+	Settlement Understanding of the World Trade Organization.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 34<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parties];<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [make recommendations regarding the implementation of the Agreement<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [including endorsing best practice guidelines for implementing the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Agreement, identifying and monitoring techniques of piracy and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; counterfeiting and their evolution]];<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; assist non-Party governments in assessing the benefits of accession to the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Agreement [and share information and best practices on reducing IPR<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; infringements];<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [support international organizations in the enforcement of intellectual<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; property rights;] and<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; take such other action in the exercise of its functions as the Parties may<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; decide.<br />
+	[4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; One-half of the members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum.]<br />
+	5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Committee shall [establish its rules and procedures][ at its first meeting<br />
+	adopt its rules of procedures] [including rules for the convocation of extraordinary<br />
+	sessions]. All decisions of the Committee shall be taken by consensus, [except as the<br />
+	Committee may otherwise decide [by consensus]]. [The working language of the<br />
+	Committee shall be English.]<br />
+	6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Committee shall convene [at least [once a year]] [once every two years] [in<br />
+	regular session]. [T]he Committee shall be chaired [and hosted][ successively by each<br />
+	Party][by a volunteering Party] [in English alphabetically] . [assisted by a Vice-Chair<br />
+	from the Party due to chair and host the subsequent meeting.] [A Special session may be<br />
+	called for by one Party and convened if the majority of the Parties does not oppose such<br />
+	request. The Special session shall be chaired by the Party chairing the Regular session<br />
+	of that year. The Committee shall preferably meet in Geneva.]<br />
+	[7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Committee&rsquo;s role as set forth in Article 5.1 shall not include any<br />
+	oversight or supervision relating to domestic or international criminal investigations or<br />
+	enforcement of specific intellectual property cases.]<br />
+	ARTICLE 5.2: THE SECRETARIAT<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Party that is the Chair of the Committee shall provide the Secretariat to the<br />
+	Committee for [the calendar year][the two calendar years beginning with the calendar<br />
+	year [immediately prior to that]] in which the Committee shall be convened with that<br />
+	Party as Chair.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The functions of the Secretariat shall be:<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 35<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to provide assistance to the Committee [as required, and];<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [to provide administrative support to the Chair][to perform the<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; administrative tasks concerning this Agreement.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [to elaborate all documents resulted from ordinary or extraordinary<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sessions]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [to submit documents derived from ordinary or extraordinary sessions to<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; all parties]<br />
+	ARTICLE 5.3: CONTACT POINTS<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Each Party shall designate a [current] contact point to facilitate communications<br />
+	[between the][ with other] Parties on any matter covered by this Agreement.]<br />
+	[The][Each Party shall transmit the] [name, [and][physical] address, telephone number<br />
+	[and e-mail address]] of that contact point [shall be transmitted] to the Depositary [prior<br />
+	to the entry into force of the Agreement for that Party], who shall circulate the<br />
+	information to the Parties.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; On the request of [another][one] Party, the contact point [of another Party] shall<br />
+	identify [the] [according to the matter concerned, an appropriate] office or official<br />
+	[responsible for the matter concerned] and assist, as necessary, in facilitating<br />
+	communication between the [responsible] office or official concerned with the<br />
+	requesting Party.<br />
+	[ARTICLE 5.4: TRANSPARENCY<br />
+	Option 1<br />
+	[1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall ensure that its laws, regulations,[procedures] [final judicial<br />
+	decisions], and administrative rulings of general application respecting any matter<br />
+	covered by this Agreement are promptly [in an appropriate time] published or otherwise<br />
+	made publicly available [in a national language,] in such a manner as to enable<br />
+	governments and interested persons to become acquainted with them.]<br />
+	Option 2<br />
+	[1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall ensure that final judicial decisions or administrative rulings of<br />
+	general applicability pertaining to the enforcement of intellectual property rights shall<br />
+	be in writing and shall state any relevant findings of fact and the reasoning or the legal<br />
+	basis upon which the decisions are based. Each Party shall also ensure that such<br />
+	decisions or rulings shall be published 75 , or otherwise made publicly available, in a<br />
+	national language in such a manner as to enable governments and interested persons to<br />
+	become acquainted with them.]<br />
+	[75For greater certainty, a Party may satisfy the requirement in [Article 5.3] to publish a measure by<br />
+	making it available to the public on a publically accessible Internet site.]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 36<br />
+	[2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall notify the laws and regulations referred to in [paragraph (1)][<br />
+	Article 4.3] to the Oversight Committee in order to assist that Committee in its review<br />
+	of the operation of this Agreement.]<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall supply, in response to a written request from another Party,<br />
+	information regarding its laws, regulations, [procedures][ final judicial decisions] and<br />
+	administrative rulings of general application [respecting][ with respect to] any matter<br />
+	covered by this Agreement.<br />
+	4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nothing in paragraphs [1, 2 and 3][1 and 2] shall require a Party to disclose<br />
+	{confidential} information which would impede law enforcement or otherwise be<br />
+	contrary to [domestic laws and policies, or] the public interest or would prejudice the<br />
+	legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises, public or private.<br />
+	ARTICLE 5.5: CONSULTATION<br />
+	Each Party shall [accord sympathetic consideration to, and shall] afford adequate<br />
+	opportunity for consultation regarding, such representations as may be made [to it] by<br />
+	another Party with respect to any matter affecting the operation of this Agreement.<br />
+	[ ARTICLE 5.6: OBSERVERS<br />
+	Countries candidate to become a Party to the Agreement may be invited [by the<br />
+	Committee] to attend sessions or parts thereof of the Oversight Committee as<br />
+	observers. An invitation under the same status may be extended [by the Committee]<br />
+	to international organizations active in the field of intellectual property and to non-<br />
+	governmental groups of intellectual property stake-holders]<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 37<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CHAPTER SIX<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FINAL PROVISIONS 76<br />
+	[ARTICLE X : TRANSPARENCY<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall ensure that its laws, regulations, procedures, and administrative<br />
+	rulings of general application respecting any matter covered by this Agreement are<br />
+	promptly published or otherwise made publicly available in such a manner as to enable<br />
+	governments and interested persons to become acquainted with them.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall notify the laws and regulations referred to in paragraph (1) to<br />
+	the Oversight Committee in order to assist that Committee in its review of the operation<br />
+	of this Agreement.<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each Party shall supply, in response to a written request from another Party,<br />
+	information regarding its laws, regulations, procedures, and administrative rulings of<br />
+	general application respecting any matter covered by this Agreement.<br />
+	4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nothing in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall require a Party to disclose confidential<br />
+	information which would impede law enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the<br />
+	public interest or would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular<br />
+	enterprises, public or private.]<br />
+	ARTICLE 6.1: BECOMING PARTY TO THE AGREEMENT<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [ Any member of the [World Intellectual Property Organisation] [World Trade<br />
+	Organization] [or the World Trade Organization (WTO)] [or of the United Nations] may<br />
+	become party to this Agreement.[ Decisions on accession shall be taken by the<br />
+	Oversight Committee. The Oversight Committee shall approve the agreement on the<br />
+	terms of accession by [unanimity][a two-thirds majority of the Parties]].<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Any Intergovernmental Organization which [the Committee decides] meets the<br />
+	requirements of paragraph 5 may become party to this Agreement. The Organization<br />
+	shall inform the Depositary of its competence [in respect of matters governed by this<br />
+	Agreement], and any subsequent changes in its competence, with respect to the matters<br />
+	governed by this Agreement. The Organization and its member States may, without,<br />
+	however, any derogation from the obligations under this Agreement, decide on their<br />
+	respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Agreement<br />
+	[without, however, any derogation from the obligations under this Agreement].<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [State or Intergovernmental Organization][ member of any organization<br />
+	identified in paragraph 1] may become party to this Agreement by:<br />
+	76<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp; At least one delegation reserves its right to revisit elements of this chapter at a later date.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 38<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) signature followed by the deposit of an instrument of ratification, acceptance<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; or approval, or<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b) the deposit of an instrument of accession.<br />
+	4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The instruments referred to in paragraph (3) shall be deposited with the<br />
+	Depositary.<br />
+	5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In this Article, &ldquo;Intergovernmental Organization&rdquo; means an organization<br />
+	constituted by, and composed of, States of any region of the world, which has<br />
+	competence in respect of matters governed by this Agreement, has its own legislation<br />
+	providing for intellectual property protection and binding on all its member States, and<br />
+	has been duly authorized, in accordance with its internal procedures, to sign, ratify,<br />
+	accept, approve or accede to this Agreement.<br />
+	ARTICLE 6.2: ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE AGREEMENT<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This Agreement shall enter into force, with respect to each of the [first five<br />
+	States or Intergovernmental Organizations] [[five] members of either organization<br />
+	identified in Article 6.1.1] which have deposited their instruments of ratification,<br />
+	acceptance, approval or accession, [three months] [90 days] after the date on which the<br />
+	[fifth] instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession has been deposited.<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With respect to any [State or Intergovernmental Organization][member of either<br />
+	organization identified in Article 6.1.1] not covered by paragraph (1), this Agreement<br />
+	shall enter into force Can: three months][90 days] after the date on which that [State of<br />
+	Intergovernmental Organization][member of either organization identified in Article<br />
+	6.1.1] has deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.<br />
+	ARTICLE 6.3: WITHDRAWAL<br />
+	A Party may withdraw from this Agreement by means of a written notification to the<br />
+	Depositary. Such withdrawal shall take effect [one year][six months] after the<br />
+	notification was received by the Depositary.<br />
+	ARTICLE 6.4: AMENDMENTS<br />
+	1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Any Party may initiate a proposal to amend the provisions of this Agreement by<br />
+	submitting such proposal [to the Oversight Committee]]. This Agreement may be<br />
+	amended by the Parties on the basis of a [previous] text adopted by the<br />
+	[Oversight][ACTA][ Steering] Committee.[ Each Party may propose amendments to the<br />
+	Agreement to the Committee. The Committee shall decide upon the proposed<br />
+	amendments by consensus.]<br />
+	2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Parties shall deposit their respective instruments of ratification, acceptance<br />
+	or approval of any such amendment with the Depositary.<br />
+	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 39<br />
+	3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Such amendment shall enter into force on the [first day of the third month<br />
+	following] [90 days after the date of] [three months after the date of] the deposit of the<br />
+	last of the instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of all the Parties.<br />
+	ARTICLE 6.5: TEXTS OF THE AGREEMENT<br />
+	[This Agreement is established in [a single original in the][English][, French][,<br />
+	Spanish][, Arabic] languages, all texts being equally authentic.] [In case of any<br />
+	inconsistency between the texts, the English version shall prevail.]<br />
+	ARTICLE 6.6: DEPOSITARY<br />
+	[Name of [State][ entity]] shall be the Depositary of this Agreement.<br />
+	ARTICLE 6.7: SIGNATURE<br />
+	This Agreement shall be open for signature between [date] and [date] with the<br />
+	[Government of] .......... [the [country][entity]] that exercises the functions of<br />
+	Depositary].</p>
diff -r 05a602160c58 -r 542f1b389a29 src/cm/tests/test_spannifier.py
--- a/src/cm/tests/test_spannifier.py	Thu May 06 17:48:11 2010 +0200
+++ b/src/cm/tests/test_spannifier.py	Fri May 07 10:06:10 2010 +0200
@@ -42,3 +42,8 @@
 #                self.assertEqual(res2,expectedResult)
 
 
+
+    def test_long_spannify(self):
+        content =  unicode(file('src/cm/tests/data/long_text_to_spannify.html').read(), 'utf8')
+        
+        res, raw_text, corresp = spannify(content)